History
Wartime Conferences
Wartime conferences were pivotal meetings held during World War II among the Allied leaders to strategize and coordinate military efforts. Key conferences included the Tehran Conference, Yalta Conference, and Potsdam Conference, where decisions were made regarding the post-war world order, including the division of Germany and the establishment of the United Nations. These conferences played a crucial role in shaping the outcome of the war and its aftermath.
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eBook - ePubSoviet Diplomacy And Negotiating Behavior
The Emerging New Context For U.s. Diplomacy
- Joseph G. Whelan(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
Chapter V — Negotiations Under Stalin: During World War II, 1939-1945Part II — Major Wartime Conferences: From the Moscow Conference of 1942 to Yalta in 1945 and Descent Into the Cold WarWatch for their self-interest. And take care of our own. They're mighty skillful negotiators, with all the trumps. * * * They don't ever give anything away, Mr. Secretary, not even for something.—U.S. Ambassador Standley to Secretary of State Hull on the eve of the first Foreign Ministers Conference, October 1943.* * * Soviet officials are Intelligent and shrewd traders. They do not permit sentiment to play a part in negotiations in which the interests of the Soviet Union are involved. There is no such thing as banking good will in Russia. Each proposition is negotiated on its merits without regard to past favors.—General John R. Deane, 1946.III. Major Wartime Conferences
A. CHURCHILL -HARRIMAN MEETING WITH STALIN , AUGUST 12-15, 19421. Purpose of the Conferences
(a ) Major Wartime ConferencesBeyond specific negotiations for lend-lease and the various types of military cooperation, wartime diplomacy, notably at the Summit, focused mainly on military and political problems of maintaining the coalition, conducting a global war, and devising political arrangements for the postwar world. Major Wartime Conferences of the allied leaders were held in Moscow (1942), Teheran (1943), Yalta (1945), and Potsdam (1945). The Foreign Ministers of the Grand Alliance met in special conferences in 1943 and again in September and December 1945. This chapter examines in some detail three of these conferences, the Churchill-Harriman meeting with Stalin in 1942, and the Summit conferences at Teheran (1943) and Yalta (1945) in which Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin were the principal negotiators.(b ) Decision against second frontPrime Minister Winston S. Churchill conferred with Stalin in Moscow during August 1942. On Churchill's insistence, Harriman, then in London as a coordinator of military assistance to Britain, participated on behalf of President Roosevelt.1
eBook - ePubThe Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century
A History and Guide with Texts
- John Grenville, Bernard Wasserstein(Authors)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
X · The Wartime Conferences and the surrender of Japan, 1943–45 The conferences The Allied conferences from 1943 to 1945 attempted to reconcile the wartime military policies of the Allies with an agreed programme of post-war settlements in Europe and Asia. For the sake of the maximum possible degree of military cooperation which was necessary to defeat the powerful and fanatically tenacious German war effort, fundamental Allied differences were not allowed to develop into major rifts. At the Yalta Conference the great power interests of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union largely determined the post-war settlements not only of defeated enemies but also of the smaller Allies. At Yalta, the Big Three displayed at least an outward show of unanimity of purpose and wartime comradeship. By the time of the Potsdam Conference a few months later the Allied differences which developed into the ‘cold war’ were already strongly in evidence. The thirteen major Allied conferences of this period fall into two divisions: (1) predominantly Anglo-American, and (2) three power conferences between the Soviet Union, Britain and the United States, sometimes with other countries present. The table on pages 262–3 summarizes their sequence. The first two important conferences of 1943 endeavoured to coordinate British and United States diplomacy and did not involve the Russians. From a political point of view the Conference of Casablanca (Churchill, Roosevelt, Combined Chiefs of Staff) 14–25 January 1943 was notable for the attempt made to bring together Generals Giraud and de Gaulle; also for the ‘unconditional surrender’ call as the only terms the Allies would offer their enemies
eBook - PDFWorld War II in Asia and the Pacific and the War's Aftermath, with General Themes
A Handbook of Literature and Research
- Loyd Lee(Author)
- 1998(Publication Date)
- Greenwood(Publisher)
Reischauer, Edwin O., and Albert M. Craig. fapan: Tradition and Transformation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978. Rock, William R. British Appeasement in the 1930s. New York: Norton, 1977. Salmond, John A. The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1967. Spengler, Oswald. Preussentum und Sozialismus. Munich: Beck, 1934. Susman, Warren I. Culture and Commitment, 1929-1945. New York: George Braziller, 1973. Terkel, Studs. "The Good War": An Oral History of World War II. New York: Pantheon, 1984. Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. 3d ed. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1961, 1977. Tucker, Robert C. Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, 1928-1941. New York: W. W. Norton, 1992. Weigley, Russell F. The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy. New York: Macmillan, 1973. PART VI World War II and Postwar International Relations This page intentionally left blank 26 Allied Summit Diplomacy Mark A. Stoler One of the most notable features of World War II diplomacy was the extensive use Allied leaders made of summit meetings to strengthen their coalition, as well as plan for the postwar world, via personal contact and reconciliation of their numerous political and military differences. A total of sixteen such meetings took place between 1941 and 1945: eleven be- tween Churchill and Roosevelt (one including Jiang); two between Chur- chill and Stalin in Moscow; two between all three at Teheran and Yalta; and a third Big Three meeting, after Roosevelt's death, with Truman at Potsdam. While by no means the totality of Allied wartime diplomacy, these meetings clearly constituted the focal points of that diplomacy and cannot be separated from it. Historical analysis of these conferences and of Allied diplomacy in gen- eral constitutes an area of intense historiographical dispute, primarily be- cause of the enormous influence of the ensuing Cold War on the interpreters.
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