Adverb
An adverb is a word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It provides information about the manner, time, place, frequency, degree, or certainty of an action or state. Adverbs often end in "-ly," but there are also irregular adverbs that do not follow this pattern.
3 Key excerpts on "Adverb"
eBook - ePubDialects of English
Studies in Grammatical Variation
- Peter Trudgill, J. K. Chambers(Authors)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...Part five Adverbials Chapter 19 Adverbials in English dialects J. K. Chambers and Peter Trudgill Most of the chapters in this book have been centrally concerned with dialectal variation in the verb system. In turning now to Adverbials, we are not, in fact, leaving the verb system entirely. Although Adverbials fill several semantic and syntactic roles in English, most of them involve modification of the verb, and the relation to the verb system is close. One of their best-known roles is to further specify the type of action expressed by the verb, as in In many languages, such specifications might be realized by affixes on the verb itself, expressing habitual, iterative and inchoative aspects. Another role is to signal the speaker's attitude towards the propositional content of the sentence, as in This function is very similar to that of the modal auxiliaries of the verbal system; the meanings indicated by the Adverbs can be paraphrased with modals: The similarity between some Adverbs and the modals becomes clear in Brown's discussion of double modals in Chapter 8. Speakers whose grammar does not include double modals are usually puzzled, even mystified, when they first hear such sentences as He might could do it. He should can do it. Their puzzlement usually disappears when they realize that these sentences can be paraphrased in the standard grammar by substituting an Adverb for one of the modals. He could maybe do it./He could perhaps do it. He can likely do it./He can probably do it. Because they have so many diverse functions in English grammar, Adverbials form the most heterogeneous category among the major lexical classes. They are usually dealt with by grammarians in subclasses determined by semantic and/or syntactic criteria, as manner Adverbs, temporals, locatives, intensifiers and so on. (For a useful syntactic classification, see Jackendoff 1972: Ch. 3; for a comprehensive outline, see Quirk et al. 1985: Ch...
eBook - ePubSlovene
A Comprehensive Grammar
- Peter Herrity(Author)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...Chapter 7 Adverbs Adverbs are indeclinable words (or phrases) that modify or qualify another word (an adjective, a verb or another Adverb) or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree etc. 7.1 Formation of Adverbs Adverbs may be divided into two basic groups: Adverbs derived from adjectives Adverbs derived from other parts of speech 7.2 Adverbs derived from adjectives Adverbs derived from adjectives are mostly identical with the neuter nominative singular form of the adjective in -o / -e. The stress is normally the same as that in the neuter adjective form (e.g. vesélo ‘happily’; vróče ‘ardently’; gládko ‘smoothly’; dívje ‘savagely’ etc.), but in a few instances the Adverb is stressed on the final -ó, e.g. Sometimes an Adverb has alternative stresses, in which case the form with final stress is usually used for stylistic purposes, e.g. gládko / gladkó ‘smoothly’. Other Adverbs of this type are: grôbo / grobó ‘roughly’; sládko / sladkó ‘sweetly’; strógo / strogó ‘severely’; krôtko / krotkó ‘meekly’; mêhko / mehkó ‘softly’; skŕbnó / skrbnó ‘carefully’; hládno / hladnó ‘coldly’; gósto / gostó ‘densely’; strášno / strašnó ‘terribly’; čvŕsto / čvrstó ‘firmly’; zvésto / zvestó ‘faithfully’; tôplo / topló ‘warmly’ etc. Occasionally an Adverb formed from an adjective has the suffix -oma as well as or instead of a form in -o,. e.g. nágloma / náglo ‘hurriedly’; popólnoma ‘completely’; predvídoma ‘probably’; nemúdoma / nemúdno ‘promptly’; nenádoma / nenádno ‘suddenly’; izjémoma / izjémno ‘exceptionally’. Note : In the last three examples the adjectival suffix -n- is also lost if -oma is used. The suffix -oma / -om may also be used to form a few Adverbs from nouns or prepositional constructions (see 7.3), e.g. skókoma ‘by leaps and bounds’; večínoma ‘mostly’; cúrkoma ‘in streams/torrents’; šírom (a) ‘wide/far and wide’; ponevédoma ‘unknowingly’; potíhoma ‘silently’; pogóstoma ‘often’; porédkoma ‘seldom’; načêloma ‘in...
eBook - ePub- Iwona Sadowska(Author)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...Chapter 7 Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases 7.1 Overview Adverbs are often formed from descriptive adjectives. In Polish, Adverbs are generally used to provide information about the action (as opposed to adjectives, which provide information about the subject and objects), and answer the questions: kiedy ‘when’? gdzie ‘where’? and jak ‘how’? They describe the manner in which someone is doing, has done or will do something or how something is, has been or will be done. Jedź ostro ż nie. ‘Drive safely.’ Profesor mówił gło ś no i wyraźnie. ‘The professor spoke loudly and clearly.’ Źle si ę czuj ę. ‘I am not feeling well.’ Many constructions that use an Adverb in Polish use an adjective in English (7.14). Ciepło <ADV> tu. ‘It is warm <ADJ> in here.’ Ładnie <ADV> dziś wygl ą dasz. ‘You look nice <ADJ> today.’ W Paryż u jest drogo <ADV>. ‘It is expensive <ADJ> in Paris.’ Z imno <ADV> mi. ‘I am cold <ADJ>.’ Adverbs do not have cases, class and number—they are, unlike adjectives— invariable. Most Adverbs, similarly to adjectives, have comparative and superlative forms. (See 7.13.2) Studenci mówili gło ś niej niż profesor. ‘The students spoke louder than the professor.’ W mieście jest gło ś niej niż na prowincji. ‘It is louder in the city than [it is] in the suburbs.’ Wczoraj czułam si ę du ż o gor z ej. ‘I felt much worse yesterday.’ Some Adverbs do not have the comparative and superlative forms. wczoraj ‘yesterday’ dość ‘quite’ tutaj ‘here’ prawie ‘almost’ nigdy ‘never’ wkrótce ‘soon’ Adverbs can modify: a verb: mów wyraźnie ‘speak clearly’ an adjective: zupełnie zimna herbata ‘completely cold tea,’ wyjątkowo spostrzegawczy ‘very observant’ another Adverb: bardzo dobrze ‘very well,’ dość spokojnie ‘quite calm’ whole sentences: oczywiście przyzna si ę do wszystkiego ‘surely he will confess to everything’ sometimes, Adverbs can modify nouns: karp pożydowsku ‘Jewish-style carp.’ Adverbs cantime, manner, place, degree of intensity, frequency. Wkrótce zadzwoni ę...
