Languages & Linguistics
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses, which are connected by coordinating conjunctions, such as "and," "but," or "or." Each independent clause in a compound sentence can stand alone as a complete sentence, but they are linked together to show a relationship between the ideas expressed in each clause.
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eBook - ePubThe Common Core Grammar Toolkit
Using Mentor Texts to Teach the Language Standards in Grades 6-8
- Sean Ruday(Author)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
Section 2Grammatical Concepts Aligned with Grade Seven Common Core Language Standards
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5Using Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex SentencesWhat are Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences?
Common Core Language Standard 7.1 calls for students to “Choose among simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences to signal differing relationships among ideas” as part of a more general statement that students need to “Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking” (Common Core State Standards, 2010). Let us begin our discussion of this standard by first exploring what simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences are.Simple Sentences
Simple sentences consist of one independent clause, which is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. For example, the sentence “Kate ran on the treadmill” is a simple sentence because it contains one independent clause. Understanding simple sentences is the starting point for learning about the different sentence types described in this standard. Compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences are all expanded versions of simple sentences. Simple sentences are the only sentences that consist solely of one independent clause; the other three kinds contain one independent clause plus another kind of clause added to it.Compound Sentences
While simple sentences consist of only one independent clause, Compound Sentences consist of two or more independent clauses joined together. There are two ways the independent clauses in Compound Sentences are linked: (1) by a comma and coordinating conjunction; and (2) by a semicolon. Let us examine each of these types of Compound Sentences.Compound Sentences Containing a Comma and Coordinating Conjunction
Many Compound Sentences use the combination of a comma and a coordinating conjunction to link independent clauses. The coordinating conjunctions are for , and, not, but, or, yet , and so
eBook - PDFA Critical Account of English Syntax
Grammar, Meaning, Text
- Keith Brown, Jim Miller(Authors)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- Edinburgh University Press(Publisher)
In written, especially formal, texts sentences can be more complicated, not just one main clause together with more than one subordinate clause but both compound and complex, as in (2). But coordinates the two parts of the Compound Sentence, and each part of the Compound Sentence is complex. Again, the subordinate clauses are underlined. 2 Although snow is forecast, Juliet insists she will drive to Skye this after-noon but Lucie, who is cautious, says she will wait till Friday. SENTENCES AND CLAUSES: Compound SentenceS System sentences (and text sentences) may consist of two or more main clauses. These may be connected by one of the coordinating conjunc-tions and , but and or , as in (1). The coordinated clauses are underlined. 1 a Susan went to London and Kate went to York. b Susan went to London but Kate went to York. c Susan will go to London or Kate will go to York. The protypical case of coordination is (1a), in which the clauses can occur in the alternative order: Kate went to York and Susan went to London . The sentence in (2) is also compound but the clauses cannot change position, because and here is equivalent to and then . 2 She whistled and the dog came to heel. The sentence The dog came to heel and she whistled describes a different sequence of events; that is, the order of clauses cannot be reversed without changing the interpretation. From a syntactic point of view the sentence is compound, but not prototypically so. The clauses in a com-pound sentence need not be linked by an overt coordinating conjunc-tion but may simply be juxtaposed, as in (3). 3 The chairman made a proposal, the committee rejected it, the meeting broke up in acrimony. 212 A CRITICAL ACCOUNT OF ENGLISH SYNTAX In a Compound Sentence three or more clauses in a sequence need not all be connected by and or or but only the penultimate and the last, as in (4). † 4 The driver sounded the horn, the car skidded and both vehicles ended up in the ditch.
eBook - PDF- Martin J. Endley(Author)
- 2007(Publication Date)
- Information Age Publishing(Publisher)
Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar, pages 355–396 Copyright © 2010 by Information Age Publishing All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. 355 10 Complex Sentences in English Coordination and Subordination U p to this point, I have been concerned with basic clause types and have concentrated on relatively simple sentence structures that have contained only one clause. However, proficient speakers do not normally produce such simple language. More often than not, the sentences they produce are rather elaborate, involving two or more clauses operating together. In the next few chapters, I turn to an examination of some of the more complex sentence structures that the grammar of English permits. It is traditional to distinguish between Compound Sentences (i.e., two independent clauses conjoined) and complex sentences (i.e., one indepen- dent clause and one or more dependent clauses). In this and succeeding chapters, I am using the label complex sentence as a more general term to refer to any “non-simple” sentence. In this chapter, I will look at two broad types of complex sentences, corresponding to the fundamental distinction between coordinated clauses and subordinated (or embedded) clauses. The chapter begins with a relatively brief discussion of coordination. After this, I turn to a more detailed examination of various types of subordinate 356 Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar clause in English. I will look at three of the most common types of finite clause, the that clause, the wh- clause, and the if or whether clause; then I will consider what are usually called nonfinite clauses, that is, infinitive clauses and participial clauses. Coordinated Clauses One of the most common ways in which clauses may be combined to form more complex sentences involves a grammatical operation known as coordi- nation. Broadly, coordination involves the linking of two or more linguistic elements using a connective word-form such as and, or, or but.
- Dave Kemper, Verne Meyer, John Van Rys, Patrick Sebranek(Authors)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Cengage Learning EMEA(Publisher)
Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 14.5 Complex Sentences A complex sentence joins an independent clause to one or more dependent clauses. The independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, but a dependent clause cannot. (Remember that a clause is a group of words with a subject and verb. See Section 13.7 .) � Using a Subordinating Conjunction You can create a complex sentence by placing a subordinating conjunction before the clause that is less important. Table 14.1 shows common subordinating conjunctions: The subordinating conjunction shows that one clause depends on the other to make sense. Two Simple Sentences: We played flawless offense. We won the football game. Complex Sentence: Because we played flawless offense , we won the football game. We won the football game because we played flawless offense. NOTE: The subordinating conjunction goes at the beginning of the less important clause, but the two clauses could go in either order. When the dependent clause comes first, it is set off by a comma. � Compound-Complex Sentences You can create a compound-complex sentence by placing a subordinating conjunction before a simple sentence and connecting it to a Compound Sentence. Simple Sentence: I threw two touchdowns. Compound Sentence: Jake kicked the extra points, and we took the lead. Compound-Complex: After I threw two touchdowns , Jake kicked the extra points, and we took the lead.
eBook - PDFThe Writer’s Workplace with Readings
Building College Writing Skills
- Sandra Scarry, John Scarry(Authors)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Cengage Learning EMEA(Publisher)
May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202 101 What Is Coordination? So far you have worked with the simple sentence. If you review some of these sentences (such as the practice sentences in Chapter 3), you will see that writing only simple sentences results in a choppy style and also makes it difficult to express complicated ideas. You will need to learn how to combine simple sentences correctly by using coordination. To understand coordination, be sure you know the meaning of the following three terms. A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb: she spoke when she spoke NOTE: Of the two clauses above, only she spoke could be a sentence. The clause when she spoke could not stand alone as a sentence because it does not express a complete thought. (Chapter 7 will cover this second type of clause.) An independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a simple sentence: She spoke. A Compound Sentence is a sentence that is created when two or more indepen -dent clauses are correctly joined, using the rules of coordination: She spoke, and we listened. In this chapter, you will learn the three ways to use coordination to form Compound Sentences. uni25CF using a comma plus a coordinating conjunction uni25CF using a semicolon, an adverbial conjunction, and a comma uni25CF using only a semicolon (no conjunction) CHAPTER OBJE C TIVES Combining Sentences Using Coordination 6 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202 102 PART 2 Cre A t I ng e ffe C t I ve Senten C e S The three preceding terms are all part of the definition of coordination. Coordination is the combining of two or more related independent clauses (you may think of them as simple sentences) that contain ideas of equal impor -tance. t he result is a Compound Sentence . Two independent clauses: She spoke. We listened. Compound Sentence: She spoke , and we listened.
eBook - ePub¡Exacto!
A Practical Guide to Spanish Grammar
- Ane Ortega, Tita Beaven, Cecilia Garrido, Sean Scrivener(Authors)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
Sentence organisation: compound and complex sentences26.1 The Compound Sentence
Compound Sentences - las oraciones compuestas - are formed by joining simple sentences. (☞ Simple sentences in Unit 24.) This can be done using one of two devices: by juxtaposition, that is, by linking simple sentences without using a specific connector conector - or link word (e.g. No me gusta, te lo regalo (I don't like it, I am giving it to you)); and by using what are called co-ordinating conjunctions or connectors (e.g. No ha terminado todaví a pero terminará pronto (She has not finished yet but she will soon)).Juxtaposed Separated by a comma, a semi-colon or a colon Me voy a casa; estoy agotada. (I’m going home; I’m exhausted.)El policía gritó: “¡Alto ahí!" (The policeman shouted: ‘Stop there!’) Co-ordinated To express added information (copulative) Joined by y (or e) in affirmative sentences or ni in negative sentences El edificio es muy bonito y tiene buenas vistas.(The building is lovely and has good views.)Juan no ha llegado ni ha llamado por teléfono.(Juan hasn’t arrived or phoned.)To express an alternative (disjunctive) Joined by o (or u) ¿Vienes con nosotros o te vas con tus amigos?(Are you coming with us or are you going with your friends?)To express a restriction or contrast (adversative)Joined by pero or sino, aunque, sin embargo or no obstante No ganaron el partido pero lucharon hasta el final. (They did not win the match but they fought till the end.)To express a consequence or cause and effect (consecutive)Joined by así, así que, luego, conque, por (lo) tanto, por consiguiente or de forma/ modo/manera que No entiendo nada de lo que tengo que hacer , así que voy a ir a preguntarle al profesor.(I don’t understand what I have to do so I’m going to ask the teacher.)To express a distribution of ideas (distributive)Joined by:ya . . . ya bien . . . bien sea . . . sea 
eBook - PDF- Rolf Kreyer, Joybrato Mukherjee(Authors)
- 2012(Publication Date)
6 Clauses and Sentences In the second chapter we looked at words as the basic building blocks of syntac- tic structures. In chapters 3 to 5, then, we explored how words of different word classes fulfil functions on the phrase level, namely as head, determiner, pre- modifier, or postmodifier. That is, we saw how an assemblage of words creates a structural unit on the next higher level, namely the level of phrases. In addition, we have seen in section 5.4 how phrases can also have functions within other phrases. In the present chapter we will see how phrases form the next higher structural unit, namely clauses or simple sentences. And just as phrases can be embedded in other phrases, so can clauses be embedded in other clauses; in that case we speak of a 'complex sentence', e.g. That syntax is boring is not true, where the subject of the whole clause is a clause itself, i.e. that syntax is boring. If more than one clause is co-ordinated, we speak of 'Compound Sentences', e.g. Syntax is not boring but it is demanding. Figure 6.1 below shows how the struc- tural units interact on different levels of linguistic description. The simple ar- rows mean 'form' whereas the rectangular arrows mean 'are embedded in'. words phrases clauses/ simple sentences complex sentences Compound Sentences Figure 6.1: The interaction of linguistic units on different levels of description. Note that there is a difference between the rectangular arrows on the phrase level and on the clause level. In the first case, we are dealing with two phenom- ena. Phrases are put together to form clauses (the straight arrow), as in the clause [[The study of syntax] is [very interesting]], and one phrase can be embedded in 106 Chapter 6 another phrase (the rectangular arrow), as in the phrase [the study [of [English syntax]]].
eBook - PDF- Sandra A. Thompson, Joseph Sung-Yul Park, Charles N. Li(Authors)
- 2006(Publication Date)
- University of California Press(Publisher)
6. COMPLEX SENTENCES Complex sentences consist of more than one clause, where clause can be defined as a predicate and its arguments. There are two types of complex sentences in Wappo: (1) those in which the constituent clauses are conjoined, that is, in which both clauses have the properties of independent clauses; (2) those in which one clause is dependent that is, has at least one of the following three characteristics: (a) Its verb is a non-finite, or dependent (DEP), form. Dependent verb forms typically drop the word-final glottal stop, as can be seen in the verb form hak'se in the example below, whose form in an independent clause would be hak'se?: (1) ah [ ce k'ew i hak 1 -se ] hatis-khi? 1SG:NOM DEM man 1SG like-DUR:DEP know -STAT 7 know that the man likes me' (r!06) (b) Its subject is in the zero-marked (i.e., accusative) case. (c) If the main clause subject is a third person which is co-referential with an expressed referent in the dependent clause, that dependent clause mention must be the third person co-referential pronoun me (see section 3.9.3). 6.1 Conjunctions Conjoining of two clauses in Wappo, as in many other languages, is often accomplished by juxtaposition, as in (2) -(5), for example:
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