Electronics and Electrical Systems

5 Key excerpts on "Electronics and Electrical Systems"

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  eBook - ePub

  The Handy Engineering Answer Book

  • DeLean Tolbert Smith, Aishwary Pawar, Nicole P. Pitterson, Debra-Ann C. Butler(Authors)
  • 2022(Publication Date)
  • Visible Ink Press

    (Publisher)

  •Develop and use computer systems •Maintain electronic equipment •Prepare operational plans •Project management •Design systems for efficient and reliable operations •Identify and solve engineering design problems •Use Autodesk and AutoCAD specifically for electrical control systems •Be proficient in MATLAB •Have knowledge of raw materials, quality control, techniques, and production processes

  What tools do electrical engineers use?

  •Frequency calibrators and simulators •Laboratory evaporators and safety furnaces •Oscilloscopes •Scanning probe microscopes •Voltmeters or multimeters •Semiconductor process systems (for example: electron beam evaporators, wafer steppers, and wire bonders) •Signal generators •Calculators •Spectrometers •Tube furnaces •Voltage or current meters •Electrodes

  ELECTRICITY CONCEPTS

  What is electricity?

  Electricity is the physical manifestation of or a form of energy that often results from charged particles’ existence and interaction. Electricity occurs when charged particles move between positive and negative regions within a conductor.

  Today, electricity is widely used to power everything from small personal devices, such as cell phones, to entire cities. In the world around us, electricity is a natural occurrence and can be observed in lighting. A well-known experiment was conducted by Benjamin Franklin, who went flying his kite during a thunderstorm in 1752. Using a kite with some conductive materials (e.g., copper) and nonconductive strings (e.g., silk), Franklin discovered that lighting was electrical discharge.

  What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?

  Static electricity develops on the substance’s surface. It is generated by friction or instant interaction of negative charges from one object to another such as rubbing two materials against each other. Static electricity occurs on objects isolated by an insulator when a buildup of opposite charges occurs.

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  eBook - ePub

  Understanding DC Circuits

  • Dale Patrick, Stephen Fardo(Authors)
  • 1999(Publication Date)
  • Newnes

    (Publisher)

  Unit 1

  Basics of DC Electronics

  Electronics is a fascinating science that we use in many different ways. It is difficult to count the many ways in which we use electronics each day. It is important for everyone today to understand electronics.

  This unit deals with the most basic topics in the study of electronics. These include basic electric systems, energy and power, the structure of matter, electric charges, static electricity, electric current, voltage, and resistance. This unit and other units have definitions of important terms at the beginning. Preview these terms to gain a better understanding of what is discussed in the unit. As you study the unit, return to the definitions whenever the need arises. There are also self-examinations throughout the unit and a unit examination at the end of each unit. These will aid in understanding the material in the unit. Several experiments are suggested at the end of each unit. They may be completed in a laboratory or at home at low cost.

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  Wiley Survival Guides in Engineering and Science

  A Conceptual Introduction

  • Alexandra von Meier(Author)
  • 2006(Publication Date)
  • Wiley-IEEE Press

    (Publisher)

  The configuration of electrons within a given material, having a certain atomic and molecular structure, determines what energy transitions are available to elec- trons. They will interact with radiation only to the extent that the available tran- sitions match precisely the energy of the photon, corresponding to its frequency (wavelength). This explains why materials interact differently with radiation of different frequencies, absorbing some and transmitting or reflecting others. A glass window, for example, transmits visible light but not ultraviolet. And we find ourselves—at this very moment—in a space full of radio waves, oblivious to their presence because the waves pass right through our bodies: the energy of their indi- vidual photons is insufficient to cause a transition inside our electrons. In the context of electric power system operation, electromagnetic radiation does not play much of an explicit role. This is because the conventional frequency of alternating current at 50 or 60 hertz is so low that the corresponding radiation pro- pagates with extremely little energy and is in practice unobservable. Stationary and alternating electric and magnetic fields, however, are central to the workings of all electric machinery. 1.5 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS 29 & CHAPTER 2 Basic Circuit Analysis 2.1 MODELING CIRCUITS As a general definition, a circuit is an interconnection of electric devices, or physical objects that interact with electric voltages and currents in a particular manner. Typi- cally, we would imagine the devices in a circuit to include a power source (such as a battery, a wall outlet, or a generator), conductors or wires through which the electric current can flow, and a load in which the electric power is being utilized (converted to mechanical or thermal energy). To analyze a circuit means to account for the properties of all the individual devices so as to predict the circuit’s electrical beha- vior.

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  eBook - ePub

  The Science of Sound Recording

  • Jay Kadis(Author)
  • 2012(Publication Date)
  • Routledge

    (Publisher)

  CHAPTER FIVE Electronics Contents Basic Electricity Passive Electronic Devices Resistors Capacitors Inductors

  Ohm’s Law

  Kirchhoff’s Laws

  Active Electronic Devices Suggested Reading

  In order to manipulate and store sounds, we need a representation that can be easily transferred from point to point, altered to suit our wishes, and stored in a permanent fashion. A simple and flexible such representation is the flow of electrons, or electricity. We use an electromechanical device, a microphone, to convert the air pressure variations of sound into an analogous flow of electrons. It is then simple to distribute the electrons through a wire to other places. It is also possible to convert the flow of electrons into magnetic flux that can be stored for a long time when retained as magnetic patterns on media such as analog tape and digital hard disks. Electronic circuits are involved in the majority of sound recording operations.

  Devices including recorders, amplifiers, mixers, equalizers, dynamic range processors, and delay-based effects processors give the engineer great ability to manipulate artistically the acousmatic reproduction of recorded sounds. Although these devices are complex, their operation is based on a few elementary concepts of analog electronics. Analog electronics refers to circuits in which the signal varies continuously, in contrast to digital systems that sample the signal at regular intervals. Until recently, analog was the only method available for processing audio data. Much modern sound recording and mixing involves computers, but analog electronic devices are still widely used in sound recording, especially as microphones, loudspeakers, preamplifiers, and mixers. Understanding electronic circuits starts with electricity.

  BASIC ELECTRICITY

  Electricity is simply the movement of charge (symbol q). Charge is a fundamental property of matter that has two possible states: positive and negative. (Neutral or zero charge may also be considered a state, though this is not of interest in electronics.) Like charges repel each other; opposite charges attract and can combine and cancel. Charge was theorized before the structure of the atom was understood, and it was initially assumed that positive charge flowed through electric circuits. Electric current is now known to be due predominantly to the flow of negatively charged electrons; however, current can be conducted by positive charges in semiconductors and in ionic solutions. The flow of charge can be through a resistive medium like air (lightning), through a solid conductor like a metal wire, or through a semiconducting material like silicon. The path through which the charge moves is called a circuit. The charge moves from a source through a loop of circuit elements and back to the source. For direct current (DC), the charge flows in only one direction (although its magnitude may continuously vary); for alternating current (AC), the charge flows back and forth in both directions (Figure 5-1

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  eBook - PDF

  Using the Engineering Literature

  • Bonnie A. Osif(Author)
  • 2016(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  241 10 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Larry Thompson INTRODUCTION There.are.various.ways.to.describe.electrical.engineering . .The.following.scheme.(Irwin.and.Kerns,. 1995,.pp . .5–10).divides.the.discipline.into.seven.areas: Power engineering :.Generating.and.transferring.electrical.energy.from.one.location.to.another,. and.transforming.it.into.forms.that.can.do.useful.work . .Power.is.most.often.generated.by. conversion.of.mechanical.energy.from.a.rotating.shaft.to.electric.energy.in.a.generator . . Power.also.can.be.produced.by.solar.cells.that.convert.solar.energy.into.electrical.energy. or.from.chemical.reactions,.such.as.a.battery . .Power.for.residential.and.industrial.use.is. distributed.by.high-voltage.power.lines.and.is.used.for.purposes.such.as.heating,.illumina-tion,.and.driving.electric.motors . Electromagnetics :. Concerning. the. interaction. between. magnetic. fields,. electric. fields,. and. the. flow.of.current . . Communications and signal processing :.Transmitting.information.from.one.place.to.another.via. unconfined. electromagnetic. waves,. or. telephone. wires,. cables,. or. optical. fibers . . It. includes. modulating.(encoding).information.and.demodulation.(decoding).information . Computers :.Designing.and.developing.computer.hardware.and.software . Electronics :.Using.materials.in.special.configurations.to.make.devices.that.control.current. flow. .These.devices,.such.as.transistors.or.diodes,.can.be.interconnected.to.make.circuits . . Electronics.are.used.in.devices.such.as.circuit.boards.for.computers,.engine.monitors.in. cars,.radio.receivers,.and.radar.systems . CONTENTS Introduction. .................................................................................................................................... 241 Searching.the.Library.Catalog. .......................................................................................................

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