Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura is a renowned psychologist known for his work on social learning theory and self-efficacy. His research emphasized the role of observational learning and modeling in human behavior, challenging traditional behaviorist theories. Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the impact of observational learning on aggressive behavior, contributing significantly to our understanding of how individuals acquire and modify behaviors through social interaction.
7 Key excerpts on "Albert Bandura"
eBook - ePubPersonality Theories
Development, Growth, and Diversity
- Bem P. Allen(Author)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- Psychology Press(Publisher)
...As such, it represents an orientation that will guarantee continued growth in psychology’s scientific prominence. Decades from now, when the contributions of cognitive psychology are reviewed, the name Albert Bandura will often be heard and seen in print. Albert Bandura is a fine person with a keen sense of humor and a genuine concern for others. That fact is richly displayed in a videotaped interview of him (Evans, 1988). Also, he writes with uncommon clarity, just as did Karen Horney. Easy access to the interesting thoughts expressed in Bandura’s writings is only one reason you should consider reading Self-efficacy (Bandura, 1997). It may well improve your life. Bandura is number five on the journal citation list, number three on the text book citation list, number five in the survey, and number four overall (Haggbloom et al., 2002). These are the highest ranks accorded a living psychologist; the few rated ahead of Bandura are all deceased. Summary Points 1. Bandura, Canadian-born and bred, was educated in the best tradition of the country school. After graduation, he worked in the Yukon, where he encountered workers so unusual as to stimulate an interest in psychology. After completing his doctorate, he was hired at Stanford, where his unique contributions began with his and Walters’s work on observational learning showing that “modeling is not merely a process of behavioral mimicry.” 2. His cognitive–social theory holds that personal factors—including biological ones— behavior, and the external environment reciprocally influence one another. To Bandura, learning is difficult without awareness. Observational learning is learning by watching. People are active when they learn vicariously from a model. They take information from models, “turn it over” in their minds, and put it into symbolic form...
eBook - ePubPositive Psychology
An International Perspective
- Aleksandra Kostic, Derek Chadee, Aleksandra Kostic, Derek Chadee(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Blackwell(Publisher)
...A flu or sore muscles will dampen enthusiasm, self‐efficacy beliefs, and action. Notably, as researchers and clinicians have noted, each one of these four factors can be a point of intervention for increasing a desired behavior, thus increasing self‐efficacy beliefs and an individual’s willingness to take action. Substantial research supports many aspects of Bandura’s theories. Research shows that people can overcome fear of snakes via observational learning and desensitization (Bandura, Blanchard, & Ritter, 1969); can unlearn phobias (Bandura, Jeffery, & Gajdos, 1975); and can manage depression (Holahan & Holahan, 1987). Self‐efficacy beliefs even influence career choices (Betz & Hackett, 1986). Bandura’s ability to fashion useful theories has earned him unparalleled respect and recognition. Bandura leads the eminent psychologists’ list in total citations and is the author of psychology’s most‐cited article (Diener, Oishi, & Park, 2014). Enter the term “self‐efficacy” and 2,190,000 Google Scholar results appear. Search for Bobo Doll, and you will find over 6,320 Google Scholar references. Bandura is the most‐cited psychologist. His name appears on every list of psychology’s greatest contributors along with Freud, Piaget, and Skinner (American Psychological Association, 2002). In 2016, President Obama awarded Bandura the US National Medal of Science. Self and the Collective Bandura’s work always has been intertwined with recognition that people are social creatures. What is now known as SCT had its origin in Bandura’s social learning theory – a clear indication that Bandura always has valued the social component of our behaviors. Bandura points out that behavior results from our attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation (Bandura, 2011b), thus emphasizing his respect for individuals attending to others...
- Edward S. Neukrug(Author)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- SAGE Publications, Inc(Publisher)
...It depicted human functioning triadically—involving reciprocal interactions between (1) personal (cognitive-affective), (2) behavioral, and (3) environmental components. People are both producers and products of their environments, and the effects of cognitive processes on behavior are also bidirectional. This formulation could explain not only observers’ reactions to social models in the environment but also observers’ cognitive beliefs and preventive behavior designed to regulate their exposure to models. In a 1986 text, Bandura extended his theory to cover emerging research on self-efficacy beliefs and self-regulatory processes. Self-efficacy involved individuals’ prospective judgments of their capabilities to perform at certain levels, such as to solve a specific math problem. Self-efficacy was assessed using task-specific rating scales, which made them sensitive to variations in task difficulty and to the effects of therapeutic interventions. These dynamic item properties differentiated self-efficacy measures from trait measures of self-confidence and led to the former’s widespread predictive power. Bandura identified three self-regulatory subfunctions: (1) self-observation, (2) self-evaluation, and (3) self-reactions. For example, overweight persons could observe and record their weight daily, set goals, and self-evaluate their progress toward them, and then self-react by altering their diet or levels of exercise. Because of Bandura’s increasing focus on these cognitive and self-regulatory issues and because diverse researchers had also labeled their theories as “social learning,” Bandura renamed his theory as “social cognitive.” In 1997, Bandura published a book that greatly expanded the role of self-efficacy in social cognitive theory. Research on these beliefs had extended into diverse fields of functioning, such as education, health, clinical problems, athletics, and social and political change...
eBook - ePub- Frank Adams(Author)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...Albert Bandura (1925-Present) Social Learning Theory—Behaviorism DOI: 10.4324/9781315054261-57 Selected Features Patterns of behavior are learned through observation. Using verbal/imagined symbols, experiences can be preserved for guiding anticipated further behavior. Should be able to control behavior through arranging environmental consequences and/or cognitive supports. Effects of Observation Can acquire new responses that did not previously exist. Can strengthen/weaken responses—positive/negative. Can serve as a platform for demonstration of learned responses—short/long term. Model Reinforced One demonstrating high status/prestige from the observer’s perspective. One controlling rewards or is rewarded for single event/behavior. One perceived as a peer—similar age, sex, intelligence, social status, sphere of influence. Imitation of Behavior Behavior has not been reinforced; individual lacks self-efficacy or self-esteem. Individual lacks the competence to model behavior. Behavior has been reinforced for matching idealized response. Individual is independent of environmental influences. Behavior is observed as being a model to perceived self-concept or self-image. Demonstration of Consequence of Behavior Clearly identify appropriate behavior/response. Clearly identify appropriate time/place/event for behavior/response. Motivation is necessary to. imitate/not imitate a behavior. Modeling Observe effect of model being imitated. Identify code(s) and symbols reflected. Individual can reproduce behavior. Positively/negatively reinforce behavior. Adapted from Bandura, A. (1969). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston....
eBook - ePubTheories of Development
Concepts and Applications
- William Crain(Author)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...CHAPTER 9 Bandura’s Social Learning Theory BIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION The pioneering learning theorists usually developed their concepts by experimenting with animals in physical settings. They watched how animals ran through mazes, solved puzzle boxes, and learned to press levers in Skinner boxes. These situations were not social; there were no other animals present. Skinnerians and others then showed how the same principles apply to human learning in social contexts. Just as rats learn to press levers to get food, people learn to interact with others to obtain social rewards. In the 1960s, however, Albert Bandura argued that our learning in social situations goes beyond anything Skinner and most learning theorists described. In social settings, Bandura said, we learn a great deal through imitation, and imitation involves cognitive processes. We acquire considerable information just by observing models, mentally coding what we see. In the 1970s Bandura refined his ideas on observational learning and demonstrated the powerful effects models have on our behavior. Beginning in the 1980s he turned more attention to the ways our efforts are influenced by our beliefs in our capacities—our self-efficacy beliefs. Bandura’s lifetime of work occupies a central place in modern psychology. Bandura was born in 1925 in the tiny town of Mundare in the province of Alberta, Canada. His parents had emigrated to Mundare from Eastern Europe as teenagers and had converted a homestead into a farm, which they struggled to maintain against storms and droughts. As a boy Bandura pitched in when he could. Although his parents had no schooling, they valued education and instilled this value in Bandura. After attending a high school with only 20 students, Bandura enrolled in the University of British Columbia, working afternoons in a woodwork plant to help pay the cost (Bandura, 2006; Evans, 1989). Bandura enrolled in his first psychology class almost by chance...
eBook - ePub50 Psychology Classics
Who We Are, How We Think, What We Do
- Tom Butler Butler Bowdon, Tom Butler Bowdon(Authors)
- 2010(Publication Date)
- Nicholas Brealey Publishing(Publisher)
...As Bandura puts it: “People who are wracked with doubt do not become social reformers or inspiring mentors, leaders, and social innovators … if they do not believe in themselves, they are unlikely to empower others.” In Outliers (2008), Malcolm Gladwell argued that success is largely the product of a lucky environment. Warren Buffett put his good fortune down to winning “the lottery of life.” Yet environmental explanations coming from already-successful people can dull the impulse of an individual to confidently believe that the world can be changed, and that he or she is the person to do it. Of course environment and genes are important, but much more so are the strong beliefs that can transcend them. Albert Bandura Bandura was born in 1925 in the Canadian prairie town of Mundare, Alberta. His parents were Ukrainian settlers. After graduating from high school he worked on the Alaskan Highway in the Yukon, then studied psychology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. After moving to the United States (he later became a naturalized citizen), he took an MA and PhD in psychology from the University of Iowa. Bandura pioneered many experimental methods and concepts in psychology that moved the discipline on from Freudian and Skinnerian approaches. In 1953 he began teaching at Stanford University, where he remained for the rest of his career. Now in his 90 s, he is David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford. Bandura conducted the famous “Bobo doll” experiments in the early 1960 s on child aggression, and his work on social learning and modeling led to “social cognitive theory,” which holds that people learn to a large extent by observing others and seeing the results of their actions. His Social Foundations of Thought and Action (1986) presented a view of humans as proactive rather than the product of external or environmental forces...
eBook - ePub- Frederick Walborn(Author)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Academic Press(Publisher)
...Chapter 9 Albert Bandura Abstract A particularly relevant concept of Bandura is that of the proxy agent. That is, seeking the assistance of someone or something else when events are beyond an individual’s control. Within religion, this would be seeking the strength and guidance of God. Bandura is clear that this is a double-edged sword, in that seeking assistance can be a means of seeking strength or of negating one’s responsibility. The Spiritual Modeling Self-Efficacy (SMSE) scale was developed in 2012, and it looks promising as a reliable and valid measure for future research. Support for Bandura’s social learning theory comes from the adage and research that the major determinant of a person’s religious/spiritual preference is their culture and parent’s beliefs. The belief in God may hinder or foster self-efficacy, dependent upon a number of variables. Keywords modeling; spiritual self-efficacy; personal agency; proxy agency; collective agency Contents Spiritual Modeling Bandura’s Spiritual Modeling Article Other Writings on Spiritual Modeling A Measure of Spiritual Modeling Socialization Guilt, Forgiveness, and Spiritual Self-Efficacy Summary Albert Bandura bridged the historically untestable tenets of psychoanalytic theory and the strictness of behaviorism. He incorporated the critical aspects of relationships, cognitions, and behaviorism in his theory. I could find only two references regarding religion in his personal life. The first was from a biography in the Stanford Magazine : “Bandura likes to say that his mother was deeply religious and his father drank holy wine with the priest” (Foster, 2006, September/October). The second limited religious reference was from Bandura’s (2006) autobiography, when he made a reference to the culture of his native Canada: “These folks worked hard in the early building of the Canadian nation, but they also knew how to party. They had many saints and religious events requiring festive celebrations” (p. 44)...
