Coding Frame Psychology

3 Key excerpts on "Coding Frame Psychology"

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  eBook - ePub

  Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice

  • Margrit Schreier(Author)
  • 2012(Publication Date)
  • SAGE Publications Ltd

    (Publisher)

  (2008) for assessing achievement-related imagery in stories created during the application of the Thematic Apperception Test would be an example of such a theory-driven coding frame (see Chapter 4). The types of achievement imagery that are distinguished in the frame (competition with a standard of excellence, unique accomplishment, and long-term involvement) and their definitions are all based on concepts from the theory of achievement that was likewise put forward by McClelland. Such theory-driven coding frames are especially useful for hypothesis testing. This is why they are comparatively rare in qualitative research, which is more often exploratory or descriptive. It is more common for qualitative coding frames to contain only a few theory-driven dimensions or subcategories. Other parts of the coding frame may be based on other kinds of prior knowledge or may be derived from the data. Drawing upon prior research Another way of working in a concept-driven way is to make use of research conducted by others, especially research that also involved QCA and coding frames. In this way, you can adapt categories that were used by other researchers when building your coding frame. This is especially useful if you want to compare your results with theirs, thereby comparing across time, cultures, or different kinds of data. The procedure is as follows (see Boyatzis, 1998, Chapter 2): You look at each of the main categories and subcategories in the coding frame that was used in previous research, and you check whether the category definitions fit your material. It may be that you have to adapt the definitions somewhat. This is because, after all, your data is of necessity different from the other researchers’ data. You look at your material to check whether it contains any other important aspects that are not covered by the original coding frame

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  Meaning, Frames, and Conceptual Representation

  • Thomas Gamerschlag, Doris Gerland, Rainer Osswald, Wiebke Petersen, Thomas Gamerschlag, Doris Gerland, Rainer Osswald, Wiebke Petersen(Authors)
  • 2015(Publication Date)
  • Düsseldorf University Press

    (Publisher)

  Two features speak in favor of using frame theory: i) it provides a systematic and well-de ned approach which pro- vides general rules usable for all mental disorders as regards their pathophysiol- ogy, symptomatology and classi cation, and ii) it may also be useful for analyzing the historic changes of diagnostic conceptions of mental disorders. Thus, the ap- proach to progress in this area – as exempli ed by schizophrenia – needs to be twofold: rstly, it is well worth the e ort to analyze historic texts of the early times of the conceptualization of schizophrenia as an example, because these def- initions were made without any knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disorder and have developed over time. Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the neurobiological underpinnings of core concepts of mental disorders using frame analyses including time-variability and individual precipitating factors for their disturbances in mental disorders. Acknowledgement This project was supported by a grant from the “Human Sciences Research Cen- ter” (Humanwissenschaftlich-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum) of the Heinrich- Heine-University Düsseldorf. References American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Men- tal Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington: American Psychi- atric Association. Barsalou, L. W. 1992a. Cognitive Psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum As- sociates. Barsalou, L. W. 1992b. Frames, Concepts, and Conceptual Fields. In A. Lehrer & E. F. Kittay (eds.), Frames, elds, and contrasts, 21–74. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Barsalou, L. W. 1999. Perceptual Symbol Systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22. 577–660. 328 References Beurze, S. M., I. Toni, L. Pisella & W. P. Medendorp 2010. Reference Frames for Reach Planning in Human Parietofrontal Cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 104. 1736–1745. 10.1152/jn.01044.2009.

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  Media Studies

  Key Issues and Debates

  • Eoin Devereux(Author)
  • 2007(Publication Date)
  • SAGE Publications Ltd

    (Publisher)

  Framing and Frame Analysis

  6

  Jenny Kitzinger

   

  DEFINITIONS

  Framing refers to the process whereby we organize reality – categorizing events in particular ways, paying attention to some aspects rather than others, deciding what an experience or event means or how it came about. The term is used to refer to how we interpret our everyday encounters with the world around us. It is also used to refer to how a picture ‘frames’ a scene, and how a newspaper ‘frames’ a story.

  Any representation of reality involves framing. If you take a photograph you are literally ‘framing’ the scene – freezing an image of a moment in time, from a particular perspective. Through the view-finder you select your focus, decide what to foreground and what to leave in the background, and exclude some aspects of the scene from the frame altogether. The resulting photograph does not show the whole of the landscape, it necessarily ‘frames’ a particular view.

  Similarly a newspaper report cannot tell the reader everything. Journalists frame a story by selecting the ‘relevant’ facts and placing an event in what they consider to be the appropriate context. They tell the story in ways which highlight particular ideas about the nature of the event. They decide who they should interview and what questions they should ask. They portray key players in the drama in particular ways (the victims, the perpetrators or the policy–makers and politicians implicated in the crisis). They also present implicit and explicit ideas about the causes, and the solutions, to the problem.

  Within media and communication studies, frame analysis is thus the term used when researchers try to unpick the processes through which a frame is presented. Frame analysts ask: How have journalists told the story and why did they tell the story in this way? What alternative frames could have been used? How might the problem, and the key players involved, have been presented differently? What alternative ideas about the causes and the solutions might have been considered? Analysts may also ask: What are the consequences

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