Psychology
Stress Management
Stress management refers to the techniques and strategies individuals use to cope with and reduce the negative effects of stress on their mental and physical well-being. This may involve practices such as mindfulness, exercise, time management, and seeking social support. Effective stress management can help individuals build resilience and improve their overall quality of life.
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7 Key excerpts on "Stress Management"
eBook - PDF- Athel Cornish-Bowden, Cary Cooper(Authors)
- 2004(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
Apart from assisting with negotiating environmental change, most stress man-agement interventions focus on personal change, including the development and reinforcement of these coping enhancers. Additionally, interventions can focus on overcoming processes that contribute to negative emotional responses. Cognitive behavioral therapy interventions can be used to alter negative affect-inducing auto-matic thought processes and schema, 15,25 and other interventions can be used to establish more appropriate coping skills and a more effective habitual coping style. Part of the analysis of the individual stress process is identi fi cation of the idiosyncratic personal and unrealistic perceptions of precipitating events and their personal signi fi cance. Stress Management can involve the traditional cognitive ther-apy techniques of assisting the individual, challenging his or her irrational, unreal-istic, and maladaptive thoughts. 26 Coping can be viewed as either a trait or a process, 25 both approaches having strengths and weaknesses. There is evidence that individuals indicate a range of preferred habitual ways of coping, but the preference does not necessarily relate to what can be applied in a particular situation, as noted by Lazarus. 25 From the trait view there are habitual ways of coping with stressful situations: problem solving, effective use of social support, problem avoidance, self-blaming, and fantasy cop-ing. 27 These preferences are not mutually exclusive. It is proposed that there is a hierarchy of preferred coping strategies, with the particular strategy chosen depen-dent on the situation confronted. An individual can prefer two or three of these strategies over the others. Generally, it is accepted that effective Stress Management involves a shift to adaptive coping approaches, particularly problem solving and the appropriate seeking of social support.
eBook - PDFInternational Handbook of Medical Education
A Guide for Students
- Ibrahim Al Alwan, Mohi Eldin Magzoub, Margaret Elzubeir, Ibrahim Al Alwan, Mohi Eldin Magzoub, Margaret Elzubeir(Authors)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- SAGE Publications Ltd(Publisher)
Therefore, it is important for medical curricula to pay attention to the prevention and cure of these illnesses by offering a student-friendly learning environment and adequate counseling services, and by offering modules such as Stress Management and assertiveness training programs for those students who need it. Stress and Stress Management 311 References 1. Lovallo WR. Stress and health: Biological and psychological interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1997. 2. Sarafino EP. Health Psychology. Biopsychosocial interactions, 5th edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2006. 3. Lazarus, RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer; 1984. 4. Trumbull R, Appley MH. A conceptual model for examination of stress dynamics. In: Appley MH and Trumbull R (Eds.). Dynamics of stress: Physiological, psychological, and social per- spectives (pp. 21–45). New York: Plenum; 1986. 5. Kompier MAJ, Houtman ILD. Stressreacties [Stress responses]. In: Smulders PGW, Op de Weegh J. (Eds.). Arbeid en Gezondheid. Risicofactoren [Work and Health. Risk factors]. Utrecht: Open Universitieit/Lemma; 1995. 6. Kompier MAJ, Marcelissen FHG. Handboek Werkstress: een systematische aanpak voor de bedrijfspraktijk, 3 e druk. [Handbook on Work Stress: a systematic approach, 3rd edition]. Amsterdam: Nederlands Instituut voor Arbeidsomstandigheden; 1990. 7. Shapiro S, Shapiro D, Schwartz G. Stress Management in medical education: a review of the literature. Acad Med 2000; 75: 748–759. TABLE 32.5 Overview of the sessions in the student-led Stress Management program. Session 1 Icebreaker exercises to get acquainted. Group contract to keep personal information confidential and to treat each other with respect. No studying during group meetings. Between session 1 and 2 Lecture on the effects of stress on health and instruction on relaxation methods during a lab session. Session 2 Follow-up of the lecture. Discussion of study and test-taking skills.
eBook - PDFThe Stress Less Workbook
Simple Strategies to Relieve Pressure, Manage Commitments, and Minimize Conflicts
- Jonathan S. Abramowitz(Author)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- The Guilford Press(Publisher)
It’s the same with managing stress. Lasting triumph over stressors requires you to adopt a life- style of using the tools that you’ve learned here. To put it simply, Stress Management is an ongoing and lifelong process. In this chapter you’ll learn to think of the strategies and techniques in this work- book as a permanent lifestyle change. I’ll help you set goals for long-term stress manage- ment and stay alert for setbacks that can derail your attempts to achieve these goals. I’ll also help you cultivate a mindset and routine to make you more resilient to the Stress doesn’t take breaks, and neither should you when it comes to practicing and using Stress Management tools. If staying healthy and in control of stress is your end goal, then your end goal really has no end. It’s a lifelong goal. You have to keep using the anti-stress techniques, because that’s what a healthy person does. Living a Stress-Less Lifestyle 295 negative impact of stress. Think of it this way: finishing this workbook is actually the beginning—not the end—of your anti-stress journey. MEASURING YOUR PROGRESS: AN ONGOING PROCESS Since Stress Management is an ongoing process, assessing your improvement should be ongoing as well. Back in Chapter 1 you completed the Perceived Stress Scale and I sug- gested completing this questionnaire every month or so to track your progress. This helps you stay aware of how hard you have to work and where you need to focus your efforts. If you’ve been tracking your progress this way, that’s great. If not, now is a good time to retake the scale and see how your score differs from when you started using the skills you’ve learned in this workbook. The instructions for completing the question- naire, computing your score, and understanding what it means appear on pages 8–10.
eBook - PDF- Werner Hoeger, Sharon Hoeger(Authors)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- Cengage Learning EMEA(Publisher)
Stress Management is best accomplished by maintaining a sense of control when excessive demands are placed on you. First, recognize when you are feeling stressed. Early warning signs include tension in your shoulders and neck and clenching of your fists or teeth. Now, determine if there is something that you can do to control, change, or remove yourself from the situa-tion. Most importantly, change how you react to stress. Be posi-tive, avoid extreme reactions (anger, hostility, hatred, or depres-sion), try to change the way you see things, work off stress through physical activity, and master one or more stress man-agement techniques to help you in situations in which it is nec-essary to cope effectively. Finally, take steps to reduce the de-mands placed on you by prioritizing your activities—“Don’t sweat the small stuff.” Realize that it is not stress that makes you ill, but the manner in which you react to stress that leads to illness and disease. FAQ Is all stress detrimental to health and performance? Living in today’s world is nearly impossible without encountering stress. The good news is that stress can be self-controlled. Unfortu-nately, most people have accepted stress as a normal part of daily life, and even though everyone has to face it, few seem to under-stand it or know how to cope with it effectively. It is difficult to suc-ceed and have fun in life without “runs, hits, and errors.” In fact, stress should not be avoided entirely, because a certain amount is necessary for motivation, performance, and optimum health and well-being. When stress levels push people to the limit, however, stress becomes distress and they no longer function effectively. How can I most effectively deal with distress (negative stress)? Feelings of stress are the result of the body’s instinct to defend itself. If you start to experience mental, social, and physical MyProfile: Personal Stress Management Survey IV.
eBook - PDF- Dianne Hales(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Cengage Learning EMEA(Publisher)
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 88 CHAPTER 4 Stress Management keeps people actively engaged in the effort to cope and is itself a predictor of eventual success. Stress can also make individuals more aware of the fulfilling aspects of life, and they may become more interested in spiritual pursuits. Certain kinds of stressful experiences also have social conse- quences. If a person experiencing a traumatic event finds that the significant others in his or her life can be counted on, the result can be a strengthening of their relationship. ✓check-in Have you experienced life challenges that helped build your resilience? Stress Prevention: Taking Control of Your Time Although you may struggle to cram all that you need and want to do into your allotted 24 hours each day, you can take control of how you use the time you have. Becoming conscious of time and how you use it is crucial to reducing stressors and preventing stress overload. ✓check-in Are you running out of time? How can you tell if you’ve lost control of your time? The following are telltale symp- toms of poor time management: • Rushing. • Chronic inability to make choices or decisions. • Fatigue or listlessness. • Constantly missed deadlines. • Not enough time for rest or personal relationships. • A sense of being overwhelmed by demands and details and having to do what you don’t want to do most of the time. One of the hard lessons of being on your own is that your choices and your actions have conse- quences. Stress is just one of them. But by think- ing ahead, being realistic about your workload, and sticking to your plans, you can gain better control over your time and your stress levels.
eBook - PDF- Catherine A. Sanderson, Karen R. Huffman(Authors)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
Next we explore how we cope with stress, and then close with a discussion of the field of health psychology. Did you know that the latest APA annual stress report found that people currently between the ages of 15 and 21 are the most likely of all generations to report poor mental health (American Psychological Association, 2018)? This report also revealed that high-profile issues, like gun violence and sexual harassment, were among the most significant factors associated with this high level of stress. Everyone experiences stress, and we generally know what a person means when he or she speaks of being “stressed.” But scientists typically define stress as the interpretation of specific events, called stressors, as threatening or challenging. The resulting physical and psychological reactions to stressors are known as the stress response (Becker & Rohleder, 2019; Sanderson, 2013; Selye, 1936, 1983). Using these definitions, can you see how the gun violence and sexual harassment problems listed above would be called stressors, whereas their physical and psychological reactions would be their stress response? In this section, we’ll discuss the key sources of stress and how it affects us. Before going on, test your general knowledge of stress and health in the Test Yourself. Stress The interpretation of specific events, called stressors, as threatening or challenging; the physical and psychological reac- tions to stressors are known as the stress response. Stressor A trigger or stimulus that induces stress. Sources of Stress Although literally hundreds of things can cause stress in all of our lives, psychological science has focused on seven major sources (Figure 3.1). Understanding Stress 75 Life Changes Early stress researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe (1967) believed that any life change that required some adjustment in behavior or lifestyle could cause some degree of stress.
eBook - PDF- J. Cranwell-Ward, A. Abbey(Authors)
- 2005(Publication Date)
- Palgrave Macmillan(Publisher)
There is a range of examples of affirmations within this chapter. 23 TAKING RESPONSIBILITY, DEVELOPING CONTROL 219 24 Managing Emotions Instead of condemning people, let’s try to understand them. Let’s try to figure out why they do what they do. That’s a lot more profitable and intriguing than criticism; and it breeds sympathy, tolerance and kindness. Carnegie (1982, p. 17) Introduction Because stress causes people to be more emotional (see Chapter 22), and even lose control of emotions, managing emotions is a key part of managing stress (whether in one’s self or others). Suppressing those emotions as a way of controlling them is absolutely not the answer since, ultimately, stress is exac- erbated. Neither is letting them all go in an outburst. Often, this doesn’t give real relief from stress and it tends to alienate or exhaust others. This chapter is about managing personal emotions in a sustainable and positive way and about getting the best out of others by managing emotional interactions. This will help to create synergistic, productive (and happy!) rela- tionships. The chapter will discuss three key elements of managing emotions, as well as bringing out the best in people and dealing with difficult people. Three Key Elements of Emotions Management Over the past 30 or 40 years, psychologists have been investigating the idea that there are many aspects to intelligence, rather than just one single measure: the IQ. One major work in this area was Harold Gardner’s Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, written in 1983. In the book, he proposes that there is a range of intelligences including linguistic, musical, bodily kinaes- thetic, spatial, logical-mathematical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Speaking to the American Educational Research Association in 2003, Gardner said that since 1983, he has expanded his theory to include naturalist intelligence and a possible existential intelligence (the intelligence of big questions).
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