Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a process of creating three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer. This technology allows for the production of complex and customized parts with reduced waste compared to traditional manufacturing methods. Additive manufacturing is used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, healthcare, and consumer goods.
7 Key excerpts on "Additive Manufacturing"
eBook - ePubAdditive Manufacturing
Science and Technology
- Emrah Celik(Author)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- De Gruyter(Publisher)
...1 Introduction 1.1 A disruptive technology, Additive Manufacturing Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a revolutionary technology, which is based upon building three-dimensional (3D) objects by adding successive layers of material. Different types of materials can be fabricated with this technology, including polymers, metals, ceramics, composites, or biological materials. Since AM allows fabrication of parts in complex geometries without the use of any tooling, early use of AM focused on visualization models in the form of rapid prototyping. Due to the significant improvement in material library and the quality of the fabricated parts, AM has recently been used to fabricate end products in aerospace, dentistry, medical implantation, automotive, and even fashion design. Unlike traditional subtractive manufacturing, AM is the process of joining materials to make objects layer by layer. In the past century, subtractive manufacturing has made a great impact on fabrication and prototyping since it was first introduced. Now, manufacturing industry is on the verge of a new revolution due to the new design and fabrication opportunities offered by AM. Figure 1.1 shows the major differences between the subtractive manufacturing and AM technologies. Subtractive manufacturing, as its name implies, involves removing sections from a material by machining or cutting it away. It can be performed manually or via computer numerical control (CNC) machining. AM is also a computer-controlled process but unlike subtractive manufacturing, it adds successive layers of material to create a 3D object. Figure 1.1: Additive versus subtractive manufacturing. Figure was reprinted from [ 1 ]. Traditional subtractive manufacturing, in general, has benefits of cost per part (especially for a high-scale manufacturing), speed, component strength, and material selection...
- H. B. Muralidhara, Soumitra Banerjee, H. B. Muralidhara, Soumitra Banerjee(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Apple Academic Press(Publisher)
...CHAPTER 2 Methods of 3D Printing of Objects MANIKANDAN ILANGOVAN 1, 2 and VIJAYKUMAR GUNA 1 * 1 Centre for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Thataguni, Bengaluru 560082, India 2 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Additive Manufacturing (AM) refers to the method of manufacturing new parts or components by adding materials in successive layers as opposed to the traditional subtractive approach to remove materials to create new parts. Major advantages of AM include faster and cost-efficient fabrication, ability to produce intricate parts, and tenability of properties based on the raw materials. AM techniques have proven to help engineers ease the strenuous design cycle and avoid costly errors. Generally, AM is synonymous with three-dimensional printing (313P); however, AM or 313P is an umbrella term that includes several other techniques depending on the methodology. In this chapter, a concise account of the different AM categories and the most commonly used AM techniques is given. The future prospect of AM is also touched in the end. 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO 3D-PRINTING METHODS Three dimensional–printing (313P) technology, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM), refers to processes in which computer-controlled programs are used to create successive layers of material to generate a physical 3D object. The 3D model file in STereoLithography (STL) format is usually sliced into several layers. Each layer will then generate the cross section into a set of computer-controlled instructions called g-codes. Objects of almost complexity or intricacy can be manufactured through such printing processes...
eBook - ePubAdditive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology
Principles and Applications
- G. K. Awari, C. S. Thorat, Vishwjeet Ambade, D. P. Kothari(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...1 Introduction to Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology 1.1 Development of Additive Manufacturing Since the 1980s, 3D printing technology, also known as Additive Manufacturing, has existed in some form or another. Nevertheless, the technology was neither efficient nor cost-effective enough for most end-products or high-volume industrial manufacturing. Expectations are very high that these shortcomings are about to be eliminated. Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology has emerged as a result of developments in a variety of technology sectors. As Additive Manufacturing continues to gain popularity and its technology rapidly evolves, designers are able to produce better goods faster and cheaper, without thinking about the limitations of conventional manufacturing processes. Unlike other industrial innovations, increased computing capacity and decreased mass storage costs paved the way for the processing of vast volumes of data typical of modern 3D computer-aided design (CAD) models within a realistic timeframe. Nowadays, researchers have become used to having powerful computers and other complex electronic devices around them, and often it can be difficult to understand how the pioneers struggled to build the first AM devices. This subject highlights some of the key moments in the growth of Additive Manufacturing technology, and how the various technologies converged to the point that they could be merged into AM machines will be explained. The AM technologies milestone will also be discussed. In addition, how the application of Additive Manufacturing has evolved to include greater functionality and a wider range of applications beyond the initial intention of prototyping will be discussed. Emphasis is also placed on how Additive Manufacturing affects the automotive and aerospace industries...
- Sherif D. El Wakil(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...13 Additive Manufacturing 13.1 Introduction When Mr. Parsons of Traverse City (Michigan) developed his crude form of a numerically controlled machine tool, it was indeed the beginning of a new era in which manufacturing has undergone, and is still undergoing, a radical change. That revolutionary methodology paved the way to computerized numerical control (CNC), direct numerical control (DNC), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and eventually computer-aided drafting/manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Digital manufacturing became a reality, where one or a few of the same product can be produced by a CNC machine tool without the need for a skilled machinist, if a digital blueprint is readily available for that product. It does not matter whether the source of that blueprint is located next to the machine tool or hundreds, possibly thousands, of miles far from it. In fact, according to Mr. Joe Kaiser, the CEO of Siemens A.G., the future of manufacturing would be characterized by mass customization and mass digitization. That is indeed what Additive Manufacturing would help achieve. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM), Additive Manufacturing (AM) is defined as “the process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing technologies, such as traditional machining.” Understandably, this definition is quite broad and does not specify either the material of the objects or the method of creating the layers. The reason is that there are several versions of Additive Manufacturing; each has a different method for creating the layers and producing the objects, and each possesses unique advantages when processing some materials. In fact, there is a long list of commercial variations of this process technology, and it would be challenging educationally to explain each version included in that list...
eBook - ePubManufacturing and Industrial Engineering
Theoretical and Advanced Technologies
- Pankaj Agarwal, Lokesh Bajpai, Chandra Pal Singh, Kapil Gupta, J. Paulo Davim, Pankaj Agarwal, Lokesh Bajpai, Chandra Pal Singh, Kapil Gupta, J. Paulo Davim(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...4 A Review on Additive Manufacturing Technologies Jeet Kumar Sahu and Kushagra Tiwari CONTENTS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Additive Manufacturing Processes 4.2.1 Powder Bed Fusion 4.2.2 Material Extrusion 4.2.3 Vat Photopolymerization 4.2.4 Binder Jetting 4.2.5 Material Jetting 4.2.6 Directed Energy Deposition 4.2.7 Sheet Lamination 4.3 Materials in AM 4.3.1 Plastic 4.3.2 Metals 4.3.3 Ceramic and Composite 4.4 Application 4.4.1 Aerospace Industry 4.4.2 Automotive Industry 4.4.3 Construction Industry 4.4.4 Healthcare Industry 4.5 Future Trends in AM 4.6 Conclusion References 4.1 Introduction Additive Manufacturing (AM) is poised to bring about significant changes in the designing, manufacturing and distribution of the products. It has achieved prominent academic and industrial interest on account of its ability to fabricate complex geometries using materials that can also be customised. It is an elegant concept of fabrication introduced by the AM in which parts are building by adding materials in the form of multiple layers of thin cross-section according to the information provided by the digital 3D model of the parts. AM is described as a revolution in product development and manufacturing. This technology has transformed the manufacturing world in multiple dimensions; the rapidness of AM is the key factor, and it is not limited to the time necessary to build the parts. In addition, AM has revolutionised the whole product development cycle with the aid of various new technologies. It has brought significant improvement in manufacturing and benefited a broad application spectrum that includes the automotive industry, construction, healthcare, aerospace and food supply chain (Matta et al., 2018). It can fabricate parts with complex geometry in only a few steps as compared to that in most of the other manufacturing processes wherein parts with complex geometries are fabricated in multiple and iterative stages...
eBook - ePub- Amit Bandyopadhyay, Susmita Bose, Amit Bandyopadhyay, Susmita Bose(Authors)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...1 Introduction to Additive Manufacturing Amit Bandyopadhyay, Thomas Gualtieri, Bryan Heer, and Susmita Bose CONTENTS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History of AM 1.2.1 Start of 3D Printing 1.2.2 Development of Other RP Technologies 1.2.3 Moving from RP to AM 1.2.4 Impact of AM 1.3 Current Manufacturing Challenges 1.3.1 Part-versus Systems-Level Manufacturing 1.3.2 Centralized and Projection-Based Manufacturing Issues 1.3.3 Generalized Designs: Consumer Settling for Only Adequate Products 1.4 AM: Unparalleled Manufacturing Paradigm 1.4.1 Current State of AM and How It Generally Works 1.4.2 Advantages of AM: No Restriction on Design 1.4.3 Advantages of AM: Versatility in Manufacturing 1.4.4 Advantages of AM: Altering Materials for Enhanced Performance 1.4.5 AM Already Incorporated into Modern Manufacturing 1.4.6 Evolution of CAD to AM and Its Influence on Manufacturing 1.5 Global Engineering and AM 1.5.1 Moving from Localized to Globalized Engineering 1.5.2 Engineer from Anywhere in the World Efficiently and Effectively 1.5.3 Manufacturing in Space: No Longer a Dream 1.6 Future Trends 1.6.1 On-Demand Manufacturing of Custom Products 1.6.2 Allowing People’s Creativity to Become a. Reality 1.6.3 Personal AM Machines as a Standard Household Application 1.6.4 AM Advancing Medical Technology and Helping Lives 1.6.5 AM of Bi-Metallic and Multi-Material Structures 1.7 Summary Problems References 1.1 INTRODUCTION Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a technology that is rapidly developing and is being integrated into manufacturing and also our day-to-day lives. Its emergence into the commercial world has been labeled by a variety of names, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing, rapid prototyping (RP), layered manufacturing (LM), or solid freeform fabrication (SFF)...
eBook - ePubAdditive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys
State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities
- Bhaskar Dutta, Francis Froes(Authors)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- Butterworth-Heinemann(Publisher)
...Chapter 3 Additive Manufacturing Technology Abstract In this chapter, a technology overview of the production of Additive Manufacturing (AM) titanium parts including software considerations is followed by details of the two major AM techniques: powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition. Other AM processes, such as ultrasonic consolidation, are also discussed. Process control and in situ monitoring are then addressed. The chapter concludes with details on the postprocessing of AM parts and how AM parts are qualified for use. Keywords Software for AM; powder bed fusion; directed energy deposition; process control/monitoring; other AM processes; postprocessing of AM parts; qualification of AM parts Abbreviations and Glossary 3D three dimensional ASTM American Society for Testing Materials AM Additive Manufacturing CAM computer-aided manufacturing CAD computer-aided design DED directed energy deposition DM direct manufacturing DMD direct metal deposition DMLS direct metal laser sintering DMDCAM direct metal deposition computer-aided manufacturing EBM electron beam melting ELI extra low interstitial (composition) GD&T geometric dimensioning and tolerances ID internal dimension LENS laser energy net shaping LM laser melting NIST National Institute for Science and Technology PBF powder bed fusion SLM selective laser melting SLS selective laser. sintering STL Standard Tessellation Language UAM ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing WAAM wire arc Additive Manufacturing 3.1 Technology Overview Fig. 3.1 shows the process flow chart for a typical Additive Manufacturing (AM) process. It starts with selection of the part and determining part requirements. Once this has been accomplished, the design process begins with creating the CAD file and then the CAM toolpath for the AM equipment...
