Technology & Engineering
Materials Fundamentals
Materials fundamentals encompass the basic principles and properties of materials, including their structure, composition, and behavior. This field explores the relationship between the atomic and molecular structure of materials and their macroscopic properties, such as strength, conductivity, and durability. Understanding materials fundamentals is essential for designing and engineering new materials for various technological applications.
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5 Key excerpts on "Materials Fundamentals"
- Donald Askeland, Wendelin Wright, Donald Askeland(Authors)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- Cengage Learning EMEA(Publisher)
Any engineer can look up materials properties in a book or search databases for a material that meets design specifications, but the ability to innovate C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Chapter 1 Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering 4 and to incorporate materials safely in a design is rooted in an understanding of how to manipulate materials properties and functionality through the control of the material’s structure and processing techniques. The most important aspect of materials is that they are enabling; materials make things happen. For example, in the history of civilization, materials such as stone, iron, and bronze played a key role in mankind’s development. In today’s fast- paced world, the discovery of silicon single crystals and an understanding of their properties have enabled the information age. In this book, we provide compelling examples of real-world applications of engineered materials. The diversity of applications and the unique uses of materials illustrate why a good engineer needs to understand and know how to apply the principles of materials science and engineering. 1-1 What is Materials Science and Engineering? Materials science and engineering (MSE) is an interdisciplinary field that studies and manipulates the composition and structure of materials across length scales to control materials properties through synthesis and processing. The term composition means the chemical make-up of a material.
- Michael Clifford, Kathy Simmons, Philip Shipway(Authors)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
There are certain Underpinning Principles that need to be understood as you move through the chapter. Rather than interrupt the flow of the main chapter, these have been inserted as stand-alone sections throughout the chapter, placed in blue boxes to distinguish them from the main flow. These may need to be referred to a number of times and are integral principles upon which your knowledge and understanding will be based. Materials and processing 59 ■ Introduction ■ The structure and properties of materials ■ Properties of materials ■ Selection of materials in engineering design ■ Materials processing ■ Failure of materials UNIT OVERVIEW Unit 2 Materials and processing Andrew Kennedy and Philip Shipway 2.2 The structure and properties of materials Before we can select a material, or design with it, we need to understand the basic requirements (or properties it must have) for it to fulfil its function (for example, it might need to have a high melting point and absorb lots of energy on impact).With this understanding and a knowledge of how these properties vary for different types (or classes) of material, we can make a broad choice of material that would be suitable (a metal would be most suitable in this instance).With data for the properties of different materials and the equations that govern the behaviour under the appropriate conditions, we can select a specific material and define the geometry required. This section gives a broad introduction to materials and their properties. First, the structure of different classes of material (metals, ceramics and polymers) is described and this is then related to their characteristic properties.A number of important materials properties are then defined and their relevance to engineering is placed in context. Methods for measuring these properties are given, along with the origin of these properties (understanding this can help us to create new and improved materials).
- Donald Askeland, Wendelin Wright(Authors)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Cengage Learning EMEA(Publisher)
Have You Ever Wondered? ● What do materials scientists and engineers study? ● From a materials stand point, how do you significantly improve the fuel efficiency of a commercial jet airliner? ● Can we make flexible and lightweight electronic circuits using plastics? ● Why do jewelers add copper to gold? ● What is a “smart material?” Chapter Learning Objectives The key objectives of this chapter are to ● Understand the primary concepts that define materials science and engineering. ● Understand the role of materials science in the design process. ● Classify materials by properties. ● Classify materials by function. I n this chapter, we will first introduce you to the field of materials science and engineering using different real-world examples. We will then provide an intro-duction to the classification of materials. Although most engineering programs require students to take a materials science course, you should approach your study of materials science as more than a mere requirement. Materials science underlies all technological advances, and an understanding of the basics of materi-als and their applications will not only make you a better engineer, but will help you during the design process. In order to be a good designer, you must learn what materials will be appropriate to use in different applications. You need to be capable of choosing the right material for your application based on its properties, and you must recognize how and why these properties might change over time and due to processing. Any engineer can look up materials properties in a book or search da-tabases for a material that meets design specifications, but the ability to innovate and to incorporate materials safely in a design is rooted in an understanding of C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
- Robert J. Naumann(Author)
- 2008(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
1 Introduction to Materials Science 1.1 What Is Materials Science? Materials science is a multidisciplinary science that has evolved from the combination of a number of specialized fi elds of the metallurgist, the ceramist, the solid-state physicist, the electronic engineer, the polymer chemist, and the biotechnologist in which the common threads that weave these diverse fi elds into a generalized fi eld of study have been recognized. Modern science has transformed what used to be largely an empirical art into a multidisciplinary exact science involving physics, chemistry, various fi elds of engin-eering, and, to some extent, even biology that allows us to begin to understand the behavior of materials and to manipulate matter at the most fundamental or atomic level. This capability allows materials scientists to understand a material ’ s properties in terms of its structure, to design material structures to achieve certain properties, and to develop processes to achieve the desired structures. The difference between engineering and science has become increasingly blurred as technology has become more complex. Clearly, today ’ s engineers must have a broad knowledge of science to understand the source of the knowledge they apply and today ’ s scientists must be aware of the practical applications of their scienti fi c quest for knowledge if they wish to guide their research in the most fruitful directions. Although there are still ‘‘ pure ’’ scientists who seek knowledge for knowledge ’ s sake and could care less if it has any application, in today ’ s competition for research funding, it pays to direct one ’ s interest to questions of practical nature. Materials science by its nature is an applied science. Many institutions combine the scienti fi c and engineering aspects and offer degrees in materials science and engineering.
eBook - PDFAdvances in Technology
Education and Development
- Wim Kouwenhoven(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- IntechOpen(Publisher)
This “eco-design” is another, at present increasingly significant, area in which only an integrated materials strategy provides benefits. This novel approach to understanding of the world of engineering materials has been outlined recently. The method develops both an understanding of material properties and skills in selecting materials and process to meet design specifications. Nowadays this approach is strongly supported by extensive computer-based methods and tools in order to help engineering students much better understand the “world” of materials, because engineers obviously make things, and they make them of engineering materials. Materials property data are therefore essential to a wide range of people and functions in engineering enterprises – not only engineers and designers needing the right property data for engineering simulations, but also buyers aiming for optimal purchasing decisions and, of course, also managers concerned with regulatory compliance. Information on materials properties is also of fundamental interest to the materials engineers, quality assurance, 21 Advances in Technology, Education and Development 326 testing personnel and others who generate, control and supply it (Marsden, Warde & Fairfull, 2007). 2. New approach to materials research and education The research, development and education in the field of engineering materials is today still strongly affected by its more recent history, in which the physicist played a great role. The physicist’s point of view leads us to concepts of atomic bonding, geometry of molecular and crystal structures, crystal defects, alloy theory and phase stability, kinetics of phase transformations, mechanisms of plasticity and fracture and so on, gradually moving up through the length-scales from the atomistic through the microstructure to the macroscopic. This concept is the foundation on which the subject rests and for that reason there is an averseness to approach it in other ways.
Index pages curate the most relevant extracts from our library of academic textbooks. They’ve been created using an in-house natural language model (NLM), each adding context and meaning to key research topics.
