Modern Glass Characterization

Mario Affatigato

• Publisher: Wiley-American Ceramic Society
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9781118230862
• eBook ISBN: 9781119051879
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Materials Science
• Index: Technology & Engineering

The book consists of a series of edited chapters, each written by an expert in the field and focusing on a particular characterization technique as applied to glass. The book covers a variety of techniques ranging from the very common (like Raman and FTIR) to the most recent (and less well known) ones, like SEM for structural analysis and photoelastic measurements. The level of the chapters make it suitable for researchers and for graduate students about to start their research work. It will also:

• discuss the technique itself, background, nuances when it comes to looking at glassy materials, interpretation of results, case studies, and recent and near-future innovations
• Fill a widening gap in modern techniques for glass characterization
• Provide much needed updates on the multiple essential characterization techniques

1
DENSITY, THERMAL PROPERTIES, AND THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF GLASSES

Steve Feller

Physics Department, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA

Part I: Introduction to Physical Properties and Their Uses

Any computer-generated or spectroscopic determination of the atomic structure of glass is tempered by the necessity that the resulting structural model be consonant with physical property measurements. As a result the basic physical properties play a key role in the acceptance of any model of atomic arrangements. In this chapter, two of the most fundamental properties are examined: density (ρ) and thermal properties with a focus on the glass transition temperature (T_g). How these measurements are made and interpreted will be discussed. Also, some comparisons between the resulting properties and models of glass structure are given.

First, however, a note of caution is provided. It is not possible to go from direct measurements of the physical properties to a unique model of atomic arrangement. This multiplicity of paths is an example of an ill-posed problem. What can be done is to use experimental property data to provide a consistency check on models. That is significant.

Density is perhaps the single-most fundamental and important measure of a glass. Its value is needed in manifold experimental techniques such as neutron, electron, and x-ray scattering. It is also an essential value in molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, density stands on its own as an intrinsic property capable of casting light on various ranges of order within glasses [1].

Furthermore, density can be used to extract a variety of useful volumes including the molar volume, the volume per mole glass former, and for a given model of atomic structure, the volumes of the individual atomic-level structural units themselves. Another useful parameter directly derived from density is the dimensionless packing fraction, the ratio of filled space to total volume within a glass [2]. Additionally, as these property data have become available from a wide variety of glass systems over extende...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Copyright
• PREFACE
• LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
• 1 DENSITY, THERMAL PROPERTIES, AND THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF GLASSES
• 2 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES
• 3 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES
• 4 BRILLOUIN LIGHT SCATTERING
• 5 NEUTRON DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF GLASSES
• 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION FROM GLASS
• 7 XAFS SPECTROSCOPY AND GLASS STRUCTURE
• 8 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES
• 9 ADVANCED DIPOLAR SOLID STATE NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES
• 10 ATOM PROBE TOMOGRAPHY OF GLASSES
• INDEX
• EULA