Basic Italian
eBook - ePub

Basic Italian

A Grammar and Workbook

Stella Peyronnel, Ian Higgins

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eBook - ePub

Basic Italian

A Grammar and Workbook

Stella Peyronnel, Ian Higgins

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Introducing Italian culture and people through the medium of the language used today, Basic Italian: A Grammar and Workbook provides readers with the basic tools to express themselves in a wide variety of situations.

Presenting twenty-three individual grammar points in lively and realistic contexts, Basic Italian is an accessible reference grammar with related exercises in one, easy to follow volume. Each unit consists of jargon-free explanations and comparisons with English, which focus upon the more common difficulties experienced by learners of Italian.

Features include:

* contemporary examples in both Italian and English

* grammar tables for easy reference

* full exercise answer key

* glossary of grammatical terms.

Basic Italian is the ideal reference and practice book for beginners, as well as for students with some knowledge of the language.

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Información

Editorial
Routledge
Año
2005
ISBN
9781134277797
Edición
1
Categoría
Lingue

UNIT SEVEN
Direct object pronouns (1)

1 A direct object is the person or thing that the verb directly impacts on:
Invito Elena (I’m inviting Elena); Uso il computer tutti i giorni (I use the computer every day).
A direct object pronoun replaces a noun used as a direct object; it must therefore agree in gender and number with the noun it refers to. Direct object pronouns normally come before the verb. In the following examples, the pronouns are in italics:

Quando vedo Elena la invito a cena. When I see Elena I'll invite
[la replaces and agrees with Elena (fs)] her to dinner.
Quando vedo Lorenzo lo invito a cena. When I see Lorenzo I'll invite
[lo replaces and agrees with Lorenzo him to dinner.
(ms)]
Scrivo le cartoline e poi le imbuco. I write the postcards and
[le replaces and agrees with le then post them.
cartoline (fp)]
Appena compro i biscotti li mangio. As soon as I buy biscuits I
[li' replaces and agrees with i biscotti eat them.
(mp)]
Prendo il giornale e lo leggo subito. I get the paper and read il
[lo replaces and agrees with il immediately.
giornale (ms)]

2 The forms of the direct object pronouns are as follows:

Subject Direct object
io mi me
tu ti you
lui/lei lo [m]/la [f] him/her/it
noi ci us
voi vi you
loro li [m]/le [f] them

Giacomo mi invita spesso a cena. Giacomo often invites me to dinner.
Se vuoi, ti aiuto. If you want. I'll help you.
Lo conosco bene. I know him well.
La vedo tutti i giorni.. I see Aer every day.
Vi invito alla festa. I’m inviting you to the party.

3 We saw in Unit 3 that if an adjective refers to two or more nouns that are different in gender, it has the masculine plural form, e.g. Laura e Piero sono italiani (Laura and Piero are Italian). The same principle applies to direct object pronouns:

'Conosci Laura [f] e Piero [m]?' 'Si, 'Do you know Laura and Piero?' "Yes.
li [mp] conosco bene.' I know Mem well.'
'Usì il computer [m] e la stampante 'Do you use the computer and the
[f]?' 'Sì, li [mp] uso spesso.' printer?' 'Yes. I often use them.'

Negative form

4 The negative is formed by putting non before the pronoun:

Non lo conosco bene. I don't know him well.
Non vi invito alla festa. I'm not inviting you to the party.
Non li vedo spesso. I don't often see them.
Non ti capisco. I don't understand you.

5 When a direct object pronoun is used with a verb in the infinitive (usually after verbs like dovere, potere, volere or sapere), it can be attached to the infinitive, which drops the final vowel:

La devo chiamare. or Devo chiamarla. I must call her.
Ti voglio invitare. or Voglio invitarti. I want to invite you.
Lo puoi prendere. or Puoi prenderlo. You can take it.
Lo so fare. or So farlo. I can/know how to do it.
Lo devo tradurre.* or Devo tradurlo.* I've got to translate it.

Each pair of sentences has exactly the same meaning – the form used makes no difference.
* Note that verbs in -urre drop the second r as well as the final vowel: lo devo tradurre or devo tradurlo.
6 The pronoun lo [ms] is often used to replace a whole clause:

‘Sai che oggi è il compleanno di 'Do you know that it's Carla's
Carla?' 'Sì, lo so.' [lo = oggi éil birthday today?' 'Yes, I do.' [lit. Yes,
compleanno di Carla] I know it]
'Dove sono le chiavi?' 'Non lo so.' 'Where are the keys?' 'I don't know.’
[lo = dove sono le chiavi] [lit. I don’t know it]
'Devi cambiare la cartucc...

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