Application of Biotechnology
The application of biotechnology involves using biological systems, organisms, or derivatives to develop products and technologies that benefit various industries, including agriculture, medicine, and environmental conservation. This can include genetic engineering, biopharmaceuticals, biofuels, and bioremediation. Biotechnology has the potential to address global challenges and improve human health, food security, and sustainability.
8 Key excerpts on "Application of Biotechnology"
eBook - ePubPharmacognosy
Fundamentals, Applications and Strategies
- Rupika Delgoda, Simone Badal McCreath(Authors)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- Academic Press(Publisher)
...The definition of biotechnology as given by the European Federation of Biotechnology is “Biotechnology is the integration of biochemistry, microbiology and engineering sciences to achieve technological (industrial) application of the capabilities of microorganisms, cultured tissue cells and parts thereof” [3]. The 2003 OECD definition of biotechnology is the “application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services; new biotechnology involves the use of cellular and molecular processes to solve problems or make products.” The Office of Technology Assessment [4] in the United States describes modern biotechnology as incorporating “a specific focus on industrial usage of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA), cell fusion, and novel bioprocessing techniques; industrial use of living organisms.” Biotechnology is therefore a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field, rather than a single discipline, that has given rise to a range of products and processes in life sciences. The technology has been applied to the development of new medicines, improved crop plants and animals, as well as the more efficient manufacture of everyday products. A color code was created to distinguish between the various applications. Red, green, white, and blue biotechnology refer to applications to medicine, agriculture, industry, and marine and aquatic environments, respectively; these are further explained in later sections of the chapter. 28.2 Biotechnology, Bioengineering, and Biomedical Engineering Depending on the tools and applications, there is notable overlap with biomedical engineering or bioengineering and biotechnology [5, 6]. Biomedical engineering or bioengineering is a rapidly growing transdisciplinary field that is regarded as the bridge between technology, medicine, and biology...
eBook - ePub- Firdos Alam Khan(Author)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...Biotechnology includes recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) techniques (genetic engineering) and hybridoma technology. A set of biological techniques developed through basic research and applied to research and product development. The use of cellular and biomolecular processes to solve problems or make useful products. An industrial process that involves the use of biological systems to make monoclonal antibodies and genetically engineered recombinant proteins. Development of 3D organs or tissues under in vitro conditions We should not debate on which of the given definitions is true because all of them are true in their respective ways. For example, if you ask a farmer about what biotechnology is, he or she may say, “Biotechnology is to produce high yield or pest-resistant crops.” If you pose the same question to a doctor, he or she may say, “Biotechnology is about making new vaccines and antibiotics.” If you ask the question to an engineer, he or she may say, “Biotechnology is about designing new diagnostic tools for better understanding of human diseases,” and if you ask the question to a patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease, he or she may say “Biotechnology is about stem-cell-based therapy and has tremendous capability to cure Parkinson’s disease.” All of these different definitions of biotechnology suggest that biotechnology has immensely impacted our daily life with arrays of products. As the field of biotechnology keeps expanding, efforts are being made to subclassify this field into various types. The field of biotechnology may be broadly subclassified into animal, plant, medical, industrial, and environmental biotechnology. Nonetheless there are other emerging fields of biotechnology, such as regenerative medicine (Figure 1.2), biosimilars, pharmacogenomics, bioinformatics, therapeutic proteins, forensic science, synthetic biology, bio-robotics, and biomimetics which we have separately discussed in Chapter 12...
eBook - ePubGreen Chemistry and Sustainable Technology
Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Macromolecular Systems
- Satish A. Dake, Ravindra S. Shinde, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Satish A. Dake, Ravindra S. Shinde, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi(Authors)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- Apple Academic Press(Publisher)
...Harnessing biotechnology applications for the benefit of poor requires considerable attention for science and technology research and development initiatives globally today [ 31 ]. Agri-biotechnology is the other area of science and technology research and development. This paper depicts with immense scientific insight the larger vision of bio-nanotechnology applications in agricultural sciences. Biological sciences and biotechnology will thus usher in a new era in developing and less developing nations around the world. The authors deeply discussed the current status of plant biotechnology in Asia [ 31 ]. The success and scientific imagination of biotechnology are yet to be unraveled in developing nations in Asia. This paper depicts profoundly the success of biotechnology in revolutionizing science and technology in nations across Asia [ 31 ]. Rao et al. [ 32 ] reviewed comprehensively on biopolymers. The vast environmental impact of plastic waste is raising global concern and the disposal methods are limited. Biopolymers have vast applications in medicine, food, and petroleum industries [ 32 ]. Microorganisms can produce a large number of polysaccharides in simple but costly in product conditions. New applications in agronomy, foods, cosmetics, and therapeutics are revolutionizing the status of biopolymer science today. The authors deeply discussed functions and synthesis of polymers, production of biopolymers, intracellular versus extracellular production of biopolymers, genetic engineering, and biopolymer technology [ 32 ]. Streamlining of commercialization of biopolymers stands as a major vision of research initiatives and research direction globally. This paper unfolds the scientific ingenuity in the application areas of biopolymers [ 32 ]. Adeosun et al. [ 33 ] described with vast scientific and engineering foresight green polymer nanocomposites...
eBook - ePubBiosafety and Bioethics in Biotechnology
Policy, Advocacy, and Capacity Building
- Sylvia Uzochukwu, Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, Arinze Stanley Okoli, Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ezebuiro Nwagbo Christpeace, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Sylvia Uzochukwu, Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, Arinze Stanley Okoli, Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ezebuiro Nwagbo Christpeace, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi(Authors)
- 2022(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...The authors highlighted issues like funding, clinical trials of new implants, drugs or devices, human or animal experimentation and conflicts of interest. Therefore, biomedical engineers must uphold the highest standards of professionalism in their practice and as technological advancement move to the next generation, every biomedical scientist must sort out the bioethical issues in bringing the technology to the table. Pamela Andanda (2009) showed that in Africa where agricultural sector contributes to the major economic value chain, biotechnology in relation to pharmaceuticals and industrial sector is still in their early stage of development, but agricultural sector has shown tremendous progress; therefore, effort is being put in place for its regulation and adoption. Andanda (2006) evaluated the efforts made so far to develop a legal framework for genetically modified organisms by Kenya and South Africa. They discovered that a holistic approach should be adopted to handle many controversies in genetically modified organisms in order to gain public trust and maintain bioethical practice. 5.4 Dealing with Ethical Issues Arising from Integrated Technologies Ethical issues around biotechnological developments will remain a source of intense argument between the scientific community, government, manufacturers and the general public. Ethical concerns or reflections have helped shape the guidelines for biotechnological advancement such that it can be accepted in the society due to deep consideration for human dignity, ecosystem interference, etc. (Rosie, 2004). Genetic manipulation in plants and animals as a result of biotechnology are major sources of ethical argument for some decades now in the medical and agricultural practice...
eBook - ePubGenetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Concepts, Methods and Agronomic Applications
- Yves Tourte(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...The importance of plant biotechnologies is evident from studies and results, as has been remarkably expressed by H.S. Chawla in his comprehensive and clearly written Introduction to Plant Biotechnology. This future will also involve acute awareness of the potential risks, greater caution, and stricter observation of rules that consumers, that is to say, each of us, will impose. 3.2. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIO-INDUSTRIES 3.2.1. A quick overview of bio-industries Bio-industries did not arise after the emergence of biological engineering. They have in fact existed since the dawn of time. The production of wine by the ancient Egyptians and the fermentation of beer by the Celts were already perfect examples of transformation by living organisms of material coming from the metabolic activity of other living organisms. From the 19th century onward, these activities were no longer cottage industries but took on an industrial dimension, along with other sectors of the economy. The impact of biotechnology in general and plant biotechnology in particular in the bio-industrial sector is still quite limited. Nevertheless, it grows continually and we can predict, at least in some sectors, considerable progress of these technologies in the overall economy. At present, bio-industries can be defined as activities carried out chiefly in two major sectors of economic life: the agrofood sector and those linked to health. They are also involved, with varying impact, in other sectors such as environment, raw material (especially wood and paper pulp), and, to a small extent, energy. Bio-industrial organizations were at first small and highly specialized structures...
eBook - ePub- S. Umesha(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...There are significant and complex ethical issues associated with the modification of life. Production of transgenic crops has resulted in a considerable controversy among government agencies, researchers, business organizations, and non-profit organizations. Civil society groups are particularly more vocal. The measureable facts regarding GM foods appear less in dispute than the increasing number of implications. These often occur in ethical arguments, which some proponents of transgenic crops disregard as a defence of cultural artefacts. However, the new capacities created by transgenic crops reveal an absence of research into these implications. No uniformly accepted definition of biotechnology exists. The broadest definition of biotechnology includes the application of biological sciences and conventional plant and animal breeding techniques carried out since the dawn of civilization. Biotechnology refers to newly evolved scientific techniques to alter the genetic make-up of organisms and produce unique individuals or traits that are not readily obtained through traditional breeding techniques. These products are often termed transgenic, bioengineered, or GM because they contain the foreign genetic material. This new technology has radically affected agriculture on both a fundamental production level and a legal level. The products of transgenic engineering are often termed GM organisms (or GMOs). All these terms describe methods through which biologists insert genes from one or more species into the DNA of crop plants to transfer selective genetic traits. The method is referred to as the recombinant DNA technology. Genes are fragments of DNA that contain information that partially determines the end function of a living organism. Genetic engineers alter DNA, usually by selecting genes from one species—an animal, plant, bacterium, or virus—and inserting them into another species, such as an agricultural crop plant...
eBook - ePubAdvances in Microbial Biotechnology
Current Trends and Future Prospects
- Pradeep Kumar, PhD., Jayanta Kumar Patra, Pranjal Chandra, Pradeep Kumar, PhD., Jayanta Kumar Patra, Pranjal Chandra(Authors)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Apple Academic Press(Publisher)
...PREFACE In the past few decades, the rapid and vast development of advanced microbial bioresources and metagenomic techniques has completely trans- formed the area of research across the biological sciences. Microbiology is one of the most influential fields and attracts researchers from all over the globe. Our understanding of microbial diversity, evolutionary biology, and microbial interaction with their animal and plant hosts at molecular level has been revolutionized. In this volume, various applications of microorganisms have been covered broadly and have been appropriately reflected in depth in different chapters. This book covers four major sections: (i) applied microbiology in agriculture, (ii) microbes in the environment, (iii) microbes and human health, and (iv) microbes in nanotechnology. The book provides insights into the diverse microorganisms that have been explored and exploited in the development of various applications for improvements in agriculture. It also looks at the utilization of microorganisms to improve the desired traits for achieving optimal production of microbials. Applications of microbes for the removal of pollutants and for the recovery of metals and oils have also been discussed for environmental purposes. The book also includes information on the synthesis and appli- cations of nanoparticles derived from plants and microbes, their uses and applications in agri-food production, pathogen diagnostics, contaminant removal, and the antimicrobial and pharmacological properties. We have also included chapters that discuss nanotechnology and biosensors appli- cations for human health. The volume provides a holistic look at applications of microorgan- isms and other multidisciplinary approaches for improvement of agricul- ture, environment, human health, and biomedicine...
eBook - ePubNanotechnology
Advances and Real-Life Applications
- Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva(Authors)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...13 Nanotechnology and Its Potential Applications in the Field of Biotechnology Nimmy Srivastava Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India Contents 13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 History 13.1.2 Nanobiotechnology 13.1.3 Advantages of Nanobiotechnology 13.2 Applications of Nanobiotechnology 13.2.1 Medical Applications 13.2.1.1 Diagnosis 13.2.1.2 Detection 13.2.1.3 Bioimaging 13.2.2 Therapeutic Applications 13.2.2.1 Drug Delivery 13.2.2.2 Gene Therapy 13.2.3 Cell Transplantation and Tissue Engineering 13.2.4 Food Processing and Packaging 13.2.5 Biopharmaceuticals 13.3 Conclusion References 13.1 Introduction In early 1985, chemists studying the behavior pattern of carbon discovered that pure carbon could be manipulated to form symmetrical 60-atom spheres resembling a dome now known as “buckyballs”. Subsequently, researchers realized that this new technology could play a major role in the transformation of existing industries (Thomas and Narvaez, 2005). Nanotechnology is a novel scientific approach of engineering techniques involved in the design and synthesis of materials in sub-100 nm range with the objective of designing structures and devices having novel functions (Figure 13.1). The prefix “nano” is derived from the Greek word meaning “dwarf.” One nanometer (nm) is about the width of 6 carbon atoms or 10 water molecules (De Morais et al., 2014). At this microscale scientists can easily manipulate atoms to generate efficient materials with customized properties (Jain, 2005). FIGURE 13.1 Integration of biomolecules in nanoscale range. 13.1.1 History The origins of nanotechnology commenced with the historic lecture given by Richard Feynman in 1959 at the California Institute of Technology titled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”, where he bestowed the concept of building objects from the bottom up. However, at that time the idea did not gain much attention (De Morais et al., 2014)...
