Biological Sciences
Biomolecule Test
A biomolecule test is a laboratory procedure used to detect and analyze the presence of specific biomolecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, in biological samples. These tests are essential for understanding the composition and function of biomolecules within living organisms, and they are commonly used in fields such as biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicine.
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eBook - ePubUnderstanding Bioanalytical Chemistry
Principles and Applications
- Victor A. Gault, Neville H. McClenaghan(Authors)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
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Analysis and quantification of biomolecules
The last chapter considered the main features and characteristics of important biomolecules. This chapter focuses on the core methods used to detect and measure these biomolecules in nature. Quantification of biomolecules lies at the heart of analysis of biological test samples. These samples are key to forensic investigation, clinical tests and research, and come from sources as diverse as soil to body fluids, hair and synthetic fibres. In order to quantify biomolecules within these samples it is necessary to apply a range of technologies, which vary from simple test procedures to analysis with complex state-of-the-art scientific instrumentation. As described, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision are vital in the determination and understanding of the role of individual biomolecules in nature.Learning Objectives
- To appreciate the importance of accurate determination of biomolecules.
- To outline the principles underlying major methods used to detect and quantify biomolecules.
- To comprehend and apply knowledge of key parameters in the quantification of biomolecules.
- To explain the principles of moles and molarity, and use related equations in basic calculations.
- To distinguish between solubility and dilution, and their application in the preparation of solutions.
2.1 Importance of accurate determination of biomolecules
Without the ability to accurately determine the presence and amount of any given biomolecule in nature, we would not be able to understand the contribution and function of these important chemical entities. Since the first basic tests available to distinguish chemical elements, numerous methods have been developed to measure the amounts and types of large and small biomolecules. Individual biomolecules are principally distinguished on the basis of their chemical and physical properties, for example molecular mass
eBook - PDF- Khushboo Chaudhary(Author)
- 2023(Publication Date)
- Delve Publishing(Publisher)
Well, in terms of biochemistry definition and marks point of view, biochemistry is the study of structures and the interactions of biological macromolecules. These macromolecules include protein, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates present in your body. There are various scenarios where you can easily find the scope of biochemistry. We are going to talk about some of them in the next section. We might not think about it, but biochemistry is playing a vital role in keeping you safe all the time from infection and diseases. Farmers using chemicals to keep their crop safe from animals, and microorganisms is one of the examples of biochemistry in nature. When packing food, companies check their nutrition value to see if the food satisfies all the nutritional demands set by the government”. With the help of biochemical tests, scientists make sure food is good to eat and holds all the healthy nutrients inside. Medications have a date of expiration, and to know if they are suitable for use, we can use a biochemical test to find its condition and whether it’s safe to take it or not. It is one of the questions only curious minds ask, the father of biochemistry was Carl Neuberg, he was the one that pioneered the study of chemistry and made it to the study of science. Before his research, people can’t digest that biology and chemistry both are working hand in hand in our lives to help us and other organisms and animals grow, live, and die (Neuberg was born on July 29th, 1877, in Hanover, Germany, and took his last breath in New York, United States, on May 30th, 1956)”. Living organisms are composed of lifeless molecules. When these molecules are isolated and examined individually, they conform to all the physical and chemical laws that describe the behavior of inanimate matter. Yet living organisms possess extraordinary attributes not shown by any random collection of molecules.
- Cheryl Natividad(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Delve Publishing(Publisher)
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2 CONTENTS 2.1. Molecules Of Life ............................................................................. 88 2.2. Protein Function ............................................................................. 118 Literature Cited ...................................................................................... 143 Genetics, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Ecology, and Evolution 88 From: Aza Toth Life is supported by four major biological molecules namely, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. The previous chapter on genetics discussed the structure and function of nucleic acids, specifically DNA as well as how proteins are synthesized. Thus, molecular genetics overlaps with the field of molecular biology which focuses on the structure and function of macromolecules. This chapter presents a concise description of the protein, carbohydrate, and lipid components of the cell. 2.1. MOLECULES OF LIFE Living organisms are made up mostly of water. The remainder is made up of carbon-containing molecules. These compounds which are produced by living organisms are called biochemicals . An important quality of the carbon atom is its ability to form four bonds with other atoms. Specifically, it can form single bonds with hydrogen atoms and single or double bonds with oxygen or nitrogen. It can link itself with other carbon atoms to form long chains of carbon which could either be linear, branched, or cyclic (Nelson and Cox, 2008; Karp, 2013). Thus, a variety of molecules can be formed with carbon. These carbon-containing compounds are called organic compounds . Molecular Biology 89 Figure 2.1: (A) Methane is one of the simplest hydrocarbons, a class of organ-ic compounds consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen. (B) Ball-and-stick model of methane. Methane also is considered an alkane, ype pf of hydrocarbon which has single bonds only. (A: From Patricia Fidi, Public domain; B: Public domain).
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