Biological Sciences
Types of Biological Tests
Biological tests encompass a range of methods used to analyze biological samples for various purposes. Common types include diagnostic tests, which detect the presence of specific diseases or conditions, and genetic tests, which assess an individual's genetic makeup. Other tests may focus on hormone levels, blood chemistry, or microbiological analysis, providing valuable insights into an organism's health and functioning.
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3 Key excerpts on "Types of Biological Tests"
- Damia Barcelo, Mira Petrovic, Damià Barceló(Authors)
- 2006(Publication Date)
- Elsevier Science(Publisher)
Biological effect assessment can be conducted using different types of test methods. Best known are the so-called bioassays. A bioassay is a test that determines detrimental biological effects of chemical compounds or mixtures of compounds in environmental samples. There are different types of bioassays. Most commonly they are divided into two groups, namely in vivo bioassays and in vitro bioassays although many discussions exist whether cellular bioassays are actually in vivo or in vitro bioassays. In the definition we use in vivo is within a living organism or cell. For example, biochemical reactions can take place in vivo. The opposite is in vitro, something that is or happens in an artificial environment (for example, in vitro fertilization) in a baker, glass tube or in the wells of a microplate. As many assays that deal with molecular biology are conducted outside of cells, and the conditions do not necessarily represent the conditions inside the cell, results are often annotated with in vivo or in vitro.Before effects arise on an organism level in bioassays however, other signals can already be picked up either within an organism or by using a cell culture or cell-line. These data can be obtained using so called biomarkers. There are many definitions of biomarkers e.g.: “A biomarker is a xenobiotically induced variation in cellular or biochemical components or processes, structures, or functions that is measurable in a biological system or sample [11] ”. The IPSC (International Programme on Chemical Safety of the WHO) has three classes of biomarkers identified: - biomarker of exposure; -biomarker of effect and biomarker of susceptibility [12]
eBook - ePub- James Chambers(Author)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Omnigraphics(Publisher)
Part 2 | Laboratory TestsChapter 8 | Understanding Laboratory TestsWhat Are Lab Tests? Laboratory tests are medical devices that are intended for use on samples of blood, urine, or other tissues or substances taken from the body to help diagnose disease or other conditions. Why Does Your Doctor Use Lab Tests? Your doctor uses laboratory tests to help:- Identify changes in your health condition before any symptoms occur,
- Diagnose or aid in diagnosing a disease or condition,
- Plan your treatment for a disease or condition,
- Evaluate your response to a treatment, or
- Monitor the course of a disease over time.
After your doctor collects a sample from your body, it is sent to a laboratory. Laboratories perform tests on the sample to see if it contains different substances, and how much. Depending on the test, the presence, absence, or amount of an analyte may mean you do have a particular condition or it may mean that you do not have the particular condition. Sometimes laboratories compare your results to results obtained from previous tests, to see if there has been a change in your condition.What Do Lab Tests Show?Some types of lab tests show whether or not your results fall within normal ranges. Normal test values are usually given as a range, rather than as a specific number, because normal values vary from person to person. What is normal for one person may not be normal for another person.Other types show whether there is a particular substance present or absent, such as a mutation in a gene, or an infectious organism, which indicates whether you have a disease, an infection, or may or may not respond to a therapy.Some laboratory tests are precise, reliable indicators of specific health problems, while others provide more general information that gives doctors clues to your possible health problems. Information obtained from laboratory tests may help doctors decide whether other tests or procedures are needed to make a diagnosis or to develop or revise a previous treatment plan. All laboratory test results must be interpreted within the context of your overall health and should be used along with other exams or tests.
eBook - PDF- Angela Williams(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Omnigraphics(Publisher)
Part Two Laboratory Tests 119 Chapter 9 Understanding Laboratory Tests What Are Lab Tests? Laboratory tests are medical procedures that are intended for use on samples of blood, urine, or other tissues or substances taken from the body to help diagnose disease or other conditions. Why Does Your Doctor Use Lab Tests? Your doctor uses laboratory tests to help Identify changes in your health condition before any symptoms occur, Diagnose or aid in diagnosing a disease or condition, Plan your treatment for a disease or condition, Evaluate your response to a treatment, or Monitor the course of a disease over time. This chapter includes text excerpted from Tests Used in Clinical Care, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), March 26, 2018. 120 Medical Tests Sourcebook, Sixth Edition How Are Lab Tests Analyzed? After your doctor collects a sample from your body, it is sent to a laboratory. Laboratories perform tests on the sample to see if it contains different substances, and how much. Depending on the test, the presence, absence, or amount of an analyte may mean you do have a particular condition or it may mean that you do not have the particular condition. Sometimes laboratories compare your results to results obtained from previous tests, to see if there has been a change in your condition. What Do Lab Tests Show? Some types of lab tests show whether or not your results fall within normal ranges. Normal test values are usually given as a range, rather than as a specific number, because normal values vary from person to person. What is normal for one person may not be normal for another person. Other types of lab tests show whether there is a particular sub-stance present or absent, in your body such as a mutation in a gene or an infectious organism, which indicate whether you have a disease, an infection, or may or may not respond to a therapy.
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