Geography
Role of Government
The role of government in geography refers to the actions and policies implemented by a government to manage and regulate the use of natural resources, protect the environment, and promote sustainable development. This includes creating laws and regulations, providing funding for research and conservation efforts, and collaborating with other countries to address global environmental issues.
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5 Key excerpts on "Role of Government"
eBook - PDF- John A Agnew, David N Livingstone, John A Agnew, David N Livingstone, SAGE Publications Ltd(Authors)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- SAGE Publications Ltd(Publisher)
While there is clearly some overlap between these themes, they provide an overarching framework for this brief explo-ration. Furthermore, it should be stressed that each of these can be addressed at a variety of scales, from the global through the national to the local. The chapter also seeks to combine three kinds of evidence: published literatures on the questions addressed; responses to a questionnaire survey and interviews among geographers working in government and the policy arena specifically undertaken for this chapter; and my own experiences of working for a UK government department and an independent international foundation. The focus is primarily on the United Kingdom and the United States, but it must also be empha-sised that the role of geographers in policy formulation and government varies signifi-cantly depending on the country and context. Such an agenda begs important questions about the roles of academics within society THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHERS IN POLICY 273 more generally. While this is not the place to explore this in detail (although see Habermas 1974, 1978; Unwin 1992), there has in recent years been a healthy debate within geography over the extent to which geographical research should indeed be addressing issues of con-temporary concern (Unwin 2006). Historically, from the medieval period through to the early twentieth century, geographers participated actively in ‘discovery’, ‘exploration’ and the ‘colonial enterprise’. Thus, writing at the dawn of the Christian era, Strabo (1949: 31) was able to argue convincingly that ‘the greater part of geography subserves the needs of states’ and ‘that geography as a whole has a direct bearing upon the activities of commanders’. Such arguments remained highly pertinent to geographical practice until well into the twentieth century.
eBook - PDFHuman Geography
People, Place, and Culture
- Erin H. Fouberg, Alexander B. Nash, Alexander B. Murphy, Harm J. de Blij(Authors)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
States seek to encourage a sense of unity through nation-building, territorial control, and strong state institu- tions and governance. • Multination states can be classified as unitary or federal gov- ernments that are distinctive ways of organizing relationships between a central government and its constituent parts. • While states attempt to create unity and stability, there are often internal pressures calling for the devolution of state power from central governments to a state’s regions, provinces, or states. We have many examples of ethnocultural, economic, and spatial devolutionary movements. MAIN POINTS 3.3 How Is the Governance of States Spatially Organized? 3.4 How Do Geopolitics and Critical Geopolitics Help Us Understand the World? Geopolitics is an area of study that considers the interplay between space, power, and international relations. In political science, for example, scholars tend to focus on governmental institutions, systems, and interactions in international relations. Geopolitics brings the importance of geography to the enquiry with a focus on locational considerations, environmental con- texts, territorial perspectives, and spatial assumptions. Geopolitics helps us understand the arrangements and forces that are trans- forming the map of the world. CLASSICAL GEOPOLITICS Geopolitical study has a long history. Classical geopolitics of the late 19th and early 20th centuries generally fit into one of two camps: the German school, which sought to explain why cer- tain states are powerful and how to become powerful, and the British school, which sought to offer strategic advice for states and explain why states interact the way they do. A few scholars tried to bridge the gap, blending the two schools, but for the
eBook - PDF- Kevin R Cox, Murray Low, Jennifer Robinson, Kevin R Cox, Murray Low, Jennifer Robinson(Authors)
- 2007(Publication Date)
- SAGE Publications Ltd(Publisher)
7 Planning, Space and Government M a r g o H u x l e y INTRODUCTION Any delineation of space or territory and prob-lematization of its characteristics implies the need for some form of administration (Hebbert, 1998: 100–2). This means that land use or spatial planning systems are pivotal elements in the government of territories and citizens. Conversely, almost all forms of state policy can be seen to have spa-tial implications of some sort. But the policies and practices, variously known as spatial, urban, regional or city planning, land use planning or development control, are some of the most explic-itly spatial forms of state attempts to manage social and economic relations. Spatial planning and land use control systems aim to allocate land uses to spaces, to order boundaries and connections between them, and to manage the political consequences of such allo-cations and delineations in endeavours to influ-ence interactions between individuals, populations, environments and spaces within their territories. Conflicts focused on the built or natural envi-ronment, on processes of spatial development, or spatial inequalities in distributions of resources or decision-making power, involve challenges to the aims, forms, procedures or outcomes of planning systems at specific times and places. Studies of spa-tial or land use planning are therefore central to the concerns of political geography. This chapter aims to provide an overview of some key implications for planning that can be drawn from different theoretical perspectives and the significance of such conceptualizations for thinking about the relations between states, territories and citizens. The structuring axes of this overview are: first, a discussion of the aims of planning to produce economic efficiency, social harmony and/or healthy and aesthetic environments; and second, an outline of different theoretical analyses of planning’s capacity to produce effects.
eBook - PDF- Rodolfo B. Valdenarro(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Delve Publishing(Publisher)
Political geographies: Close Encounters with State 5 CONTENTS 5.1. Introduction ...................................................................................... 96 5.2. Historical Importance of Political Geography .................................... 98 5.3. Political Geography and Geopolitics ............................................... 102 5.4. Political Geography and Citizenship ............................................... 104 5.5. Political Geography: Study of Geography From The Political Viewpoint ...................................................................... 109 5.6. Conclusion .................................................................................... 112 Applied Human Geography 96 Political geographies refer to the field of geography that has been formed around the politics of the world. Since the establishment of the civilizations in the world, political geography has been the most prevalent factor that has up surged with the passage of time. The politics has been the core part of the world from the times infinite. When this factor is clubbed along with the aspect of geography, it explains several happenings and phenomenon that take place all over the world. The political geography successfully explains why certain forces, which leveraged the political geographies in the wars, won those wars and transformed the political scenario of the world. Political geography has led to the advancement of various agencies that were favored by governments. But this eventually led to the development of some of the darkest places in the world. With the advancement of time, the field of political geography has turned out to be more of mainstream field of study. This has led many geographers to gain knowledge about various places all over the world, whose attribute can only be understood by Political geography.
eBook - ePubThe Distributed Functions of Emergency Management and Homeland Security
An Assessment of Professions Involved in Response to Disasters and Terrorist Attacks
- David A. McEntire(Author)
- 2023(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
Contributions Relating to the Space and Place of Hazards, Disasters, and Terrorist Attacks Laura Siebeneck, Elyse Zavar, and Rachel WolfeDOI: 10.4324/9781003350729-3Introduction
Geographers, land use managers, and members of allied fields assume important roles in hazard and emergency management. Geographers engage in hazard management by identifying and mitigating potential hazards that pose risk to a community. Furthermore, they participate in emergency management by coordinating resources and identifying responsibilities related to crises, including disasters. Geographers assume diverse roles within these two areas due in part to the diversity of the geographic discipline. This discipline encompasses a range of scholarship including the study of the inhabitants of Earth, how they move across the globe, and their relationships to each other; all of which inform how disasters are managed. As noted geographer Yi-Fu Tuan (1991 , p. 99) explained, “Geography is the study of earth as the home of people.” The field is often divided into three general branches of foci: physical, human, and environmental geography. Physical geographers study the physical features on Earth’s landscape and the processes associated with creating these landforms (Holt-Jensen, 2009 ). Subject topics within physical geography span such features as flora, fauna, soils, glaciers, rivers, oceans, weather, and climate. Human geographers focus on people and a myriad of social phenomena as represented by the subfields of social, cultural, political, historical, and economic geography. Some topics examined in this area include population, migration, trade, transportation, nationalism, state-building, and urban development. Environmental geographers integrate concepts and topics from both physical and human geography to examine interactions between physical and human systems (Holt-Jensen, 2009 ). Environmental geography is characterized by the management of resources (e.g., water, minerals, flora) or hazards (e.g., earthquake, flood, fire) (Burton et al., 1993
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