Maladies of Empire

How Colonialism, Slavery, and War Transformed Medicine

Jim Downs

• Publisher: Belknap Press
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN: 9780674971721
• eBook ISBN: 9780674249882
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: Military & Maritime History
• Index: History

A sweeping global history that looks beyond European urban centers to show how slavery, colonialism, and war propelled the development of modern medicine.

Most stories of medical progress come with ready-made heroes. John Snow traced the origins of London's 1854 cholera outbreak to a water pump, leading to the birth of epidemiology. Florence Nightingale's contributions to the care of soldiers in the Crimean War revolutionized medical hygiene, transforming hospitals from crucibles of infection to sanctuaries of recuperation. Yet histories of individual innovators ignore many key sources of medical knowledge, especially when it comes to the science of infectious disease.

Reexamining the foundations of modern medicine, Jim Downs shows that the study of infectious disease depended crucially on the unrecognized contributions of nonconsenting subjects—conscripted soldiers, enslaved people, and subjects of empire. Plantations, slave ships, and battlefields were the laboratories in which physicians came to understand the spread of disease. Military doctors learned about the importance of air quality by monitoring Africans confined to the bottom of slave ships. Statisticians charted cholera outbreaks by surveilling Muslims in British-dominated territories returning from their annual pilgrimage. The field hospitals of the Crimean War and the US Civil War were carefully observed experiments in disease transmission.

The scientific knowledge derived from discarding and exploiting human life is now the basis of our ability to protect humanity from epidemics. Boldly argued and eye-opening, Maladies of Empire gives a full account of the true price of medical progress.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Introduction
• 1. Crowded Places: Slave Ships, Prisons, and Fresh Air
• 2. Missing Persons: The Decline of Contagion Theory and the Rise of Epidemiology
• 3. Epidemiology’s Voice: Tracing Fever in Cape Verde
• 4. Recordkeeping: Epidemiological Practices in the British Empire
• 5. Florence Nightingale: The Unrecognized Epidemiologist of the Crimean War and India
• 6. From Benevolence to Bigotry: The US Sanitary Commission’s Conflicted Mission
• 7. “Sing, Unburied, Sing”: Slavery, the Confederacy, and the Practice of Epidemiology
• 8. Narrative Maps: Black Troops, Muslim Pilgrims, and the Cholera Pandemic of 1865–1866
• Conclusion: The Roots of Epidemiology
• Notes
• Acknowledgments
• Index