Chemical Names
- Start with the cation name, followed by the anion name; use
prefixes to clarify any ambiguity
- Anion and cation names are derived from element names
- Organic compounds: Names are based on a separate nomenclature
system; many compounds have common nonsystematic names
Chemical Formulas
- Cation symbol followed by anion
- Subscripts denote relative composition
- Enclose polyatomic ions or molecules in parentheses
- Molecular formula: Discrete molecule
- Empirical formula: Relative molar ratio of elements for solids or molecules
ferric, Fe (III) |
ferrous, Fe (II) |
stannic, Sn (IV) |
stannous, Sn (II) |
plumbic, Pb (IV) |
plumbous, Pb (II) |
cupric, Cu (II) |
cuprous, Cu (I) |
mercuric, Hg (II) |
mercurous, Hg (I) |
Metal Cations
- Alkali metal (+1); alkaline earth (+2)
- Transition metal: Valence varies; give the valence
in the name and formula; -ous or -ic
ending; roman numerals are less confusing,
more general
+1Polyatomic Cations
ammonium, NH
4+
hydronium, H
3O
+; active form of acid in water
Monatomic Anions
–4carbide, C4–; silicide, Si4–
–3nitride, N3–; phosphide, P3–; arsenide, As3–
–2oxide, O2–; sulfide, S2–; selenide, Se2–; telluride, Te2–
–1hydride, H–; halides: fluoride, F–; chloride, Cl–; bromide, Br–; iodide, I–; acids:
hydro -fluoric, -chloric, -bromic, -iodic
Polyatomic Anions (& Respective Acids)
–1 |
acetate, C2H3O2– |
acetic acid, C2H4O2 |
nitrate, NO3– |
nitric acid, HNO3 |
nitrite, NO2– |
nitrous acid, HNO2 |
hypochlorite, ClO– |
hypochlorous acid, HClO |
chlorite, ClO2– |
chlorous acid, HClO2 |
chlorate, ClO3– |
chloric acid, HClO3 |
perchlorate, ClO4– |
perchloric acid, HClO4 |
cyanide, CN– |
hydrocyanic acid, HCN |
hydroxide, OH– |
formed by bases in water |
bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate, HCO3– |
bisulfate or hydrogen sulfate, HSO4– |
dihydrogen phosphate, H2PO4– |
permanganate, MnO4– |
|
–2 |
carbonate, CO32– |
carbonic acid, H2CO3 |
sulfate, SO42– |
sulfuric acid, H2SO4 |
sulfite, SO32– |
sulfurous acid, H2SO3 |
chromate, CrO42– |
chromic acid, H2CrO4 |
peroxide, O22– |
|
biphosphate or hydrogen phosphate, HPO42– |
|
dichromate, Cr2O72– |
|
thiosulfate, S2O32– |
(thio: S substituted for O atom) |
disulfide, S22– |
|
|
–3 |
phosphate, PO43– |
phosphoric acid, H3PO4 |
|
–4 |
silicate, SiO44– |
silicic acid, H4SiO4 |