Geography
Hazard Management Cycle
The Hazard Management Cycle is a framework used to guide the management of natural and human-made hazards. It consists of four main phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. These phases help to organize and prioritize actions to reduce the impacts of hazards on communities and the environment.
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5 Key excerpts on "Hazard Management Cycle"
eBook - PDF- Stefano Campus, Secondo Barbero, Stefano Bovo, Ferruccio Forlati(Authors)
- 2007(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
4 Introduction to the Concept of Hazard and Risk This volume deals only with natural dangers, and more specifically with geological, hydrological, and meteorological dangers, which are the specific fields to which Arpa Piemonte dedicates its structures and services, even though other natural and technological hazards also have a considerable impact on human activity. Disasters caused by natural phenomena constitute an enormous obstacle to development in indus- trialised society. It can certainly not be said that calamities did not exist in the past, but the probability of one occurring are now higher than ever and involve increasingly extensive areas of the environment in which we live. The hypothesis of repeated calamitous events, which is now univer- sally accepted, results in the outlining of the cycle of activities related to their management in four phases. These four phases, after the passing of the emergency stage itself, can be defined as: recovery, mitigation, preparation, and response (Figure 1.1.1). After the event Recovery Response Preparation Reconstruction Quiescence Restoration Emergency Pre-impact Mitigation Before the event Impact Figure 1.1.1 The cycle of disaster (from Alexander, 2002). Recovery is the reconstruction phase, which may continue for many years. The mitigation phase includes all the actions planned to reduce the impact of future events (structural and non-structural measures). Prepar- ation refers to actions that reduce the impact when events that potentially causing risks are imminent and include safety measures like evacuation. Forecasting, Hazard, and Risks Related to Natural Phenomena 5 Response is the actuation of procedures during the event or immediately following it, with the main purpose of saving human lives.
eBook - ePubThe Distributed Functions of Emergency Management and Homeland Security
An Assessment of Professions Involved in Response to Disasters and Terrorist Attacks
- David A. McEntire(Author)
- 2023(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
Notably, hazards geography and land use management originated within this tradition. As described by Susan Cutter, a distinguished geographer at the University of South Carolina, hazard geographers focus on addressing four key questions: 1) how many people are located in hazardous areas, 2) how do people respond to hazards and what factors contribute to these responses, 3) what can be done to mitigate hazards and risks at a particular location, and 4) are people and places becoming increasingly vulnerable to hazards? (Cutter, 1996, p. 529). Geography programs at the university level have experienced increased interest in courses related to environmental and human-made hazards, with many courses examining topics such as sources of hazards, hazard adjustments, and the human-ecological dimensions of hazards (Cross, 2000). Within this tradition, geographers utilize the geographic methods discussed earlier to examine the intersection of hazards, people, and the built environment (Montz and Tobin, 2010). Hazards-related curriculum coupled with courses pertaining to geographic methods provide students with the knowledge and skill sets to carry out key functions in emergency management and homeland security. Because of this, the human-environment tradition is closely related to the emergency management and homeland security fields, it is not uncommon to see graduates of geography programs employed in various emergency management and homeland security capacities at the local, state, and federal levels. Specifically, geographers in these fields are often responsible for conducting hazard identification and risk assessments, mitigation planning and strategy implementation, and social demographic studies that inform vulnerability assessments
- Judith Rosales(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Delve Publishing(Publisher)
1.3.3 Risk The risk is defined as the occurrence probability, which triggers a disaster with an objectionable consequence. An exposure to potential injury or loss is risk. It is explained as probability. In addition, it can be explained as the likelihood of a loss and it mainly depends on three factors. • Hazard • Vulnerability • Exposure 1.4 INTRODUCTION: DISASTER MANAGEMENT The main idea behind disaster management is to avert disasters where it is possible to lessen or mitigate inevitable disasters. Prevention and mitigation of disasters are possible only through public awareness about them and hazard management. Introduction to Disaster Management 11 1.4.1 Disaster Management Cycle The cycle, which has stages to decrease and prevent disasters, is known as the disaster management cycle. This is a cyclic procedure where the end of one stage means the beginning of another phase, even though the next phase starts even before the finish of an earlier stage. At times, some stages occur paralleled. During each phase, decision-making on-time results in better alertness, better warnings, and stops further disasters. Design of public policies and plans are included in the whole disaster management cycle. These policies are mainly concerned about the causes of disasters and decreasing their influences on people, property, and infrastructure. 1.5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PHASES The disaster management cycle has four stages: • Stage 1—Mitigation • Stage 2—Preparedness • Stage 3—Response • Stage 4—Recovery 1.5.1 Stage 1—Mitigation Mitigation activities have goals. The primary goal is to reduce the occurrence probability of disaster or to mitigate the influences of inevitable disasters. All the actions taken before a disaster are known as mitigation activities. The main aim of these activities is to reduce the effects.
eBook - PDF- Robert F. Austin, David P. DiSera, Talbot J. Brooks(Authors)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
Identifying potential threats and hazards of concern: What natural or man-made events may occur with potential for disaster? 2. Providing threats and hazards context: How will a threat or hazard manifest to cause a disaster within a community or system? 3. Establishing capability targets: What are reasonable and prudent means by which risk may be reduced? 4. Applying the results: What resources are required to meet capability targets? Both the THIRA and the overall hazard mitigation planning process are inherently geographic in nature. The presentation that follows includes excerpts and examples from the MEMA Region 3 Hazard Mitigation Plan created as part of the 2014 planning cycle, which explains the THIRA process and subsequent incorporation into the determination of potential mitigation activities (Brooks and Boone, 2014). It must be noted that the hazard mitigation process typically is where the highest return on investment in geospatial information technologies occurs within the life cycle of emergency response and critical infrastructure pro-tection. The identification of mitigation actions using geospatial techniques and tools provides the opportunity to prevent catastrophic losses through relatively minimal investment, as will be demonstrated. 199 Use of GIS for Hazard Mitigation Planning in Mississippi 9.2 Overview of Hazard Identification Hazard identification is recognizing risk-related events that can threaten a community. Events are described as natural or human-caused hazards that inflict harm on people or property, or interfere with commerce or human activities. Such events could include, but are not limited to, tropical storms, floods, severe storms, earthquakes, and other incidents affecting popu-lated or built areas (DHS, 2013). A full listing of threats for the study area in Mississippi is included in Table 9.1. FEMA requires evaluation of a standard set of hazards for its purposes.
eBook - PDFHazards Analysis
Reducing the Impact of Disasters, Second Edition
- John C. Pine(Author)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
The HRM process should look across all the phases of CEM (Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery) to assess 240 ◾ Hazards Analysis: Reducing the Impact of Disasters and analyze the hazard risks and to identify possible hazard risk management inter-ventions for the university’s leadership consideration. The safety and well-being of community members demands a primary focus on mitigation (prevention and consequence management) interventions. The university’s physical location, legal and moral roles, responsibilities, and authority determine the scope and constraints of the HRM effort. For the example hazard, civil strife, reduction of risk to a zero level is not obtainable short of remov-ing the hazard, prohibiting the members of the university community from com-ing into any contact with the hazard and/or cordoning the university off from the hazard. None of these measures are possible due to the physical setting of the university, the commitment of the university to academic and intellectual freedom, and the rights of the university and surrounding community members. Therefore, there is some level of risk associated with the example hazard, and the university can use the HRM process to establish an acceptable level of risk and identify the potential interventions to be considered for implementation. Stakeholder involvement: Stakeholders include representatives of the university’s student body (all categories of students including resident and nonresident and undergraduate and graduate), faculty, staff, students’ parent groups, alumni, police, fire department, urban government authorities, surrounding communities, other area universities, and so on. The level of involvement of each stakeholder group depends on the nature of the identified hazards as the HRM process proceeds.
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