Geography
Water Supply Management
Water supply management refers to the planning, development, and maintenance of systems for providing clean water to communities. It involves the sustainable use and distribution of water resources, as well as the implementation of policies and technologies to ensure reliable access to safe drinking water. Effective water supply management is crucial for supporting human health, economic development, and environmental sustainability.
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8 Key excerpts on "Water Supply Management"
eBook - PDFChallenges of the New Water Policies for the XXI Century
Proceedings of the Seminar on Challenges of the New Water Policies for the 21st Century, Valencia, 29-31 October 2002
- Enrique Cabrera, Ricardo Cobacho(Authors)
- 2004(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
Good local water management must includes safe water supply and disposal, conservation of water resources, managing water as an economic resource and pre-serving it as a cultural asset. Effective water management is directly linked to the issues of poverty alleviation, social equity, and environmental sustainability, and thus to democratization and the transparency of decision-making. 181 5.1.4 What is sustainable water management in cities? We can use the definition adopted in the MITRA project called Sustainable urban water management: The basic requirements imposed on such a system are: Without harming the environment, urban water and wastewater systems should: — Provide water for a variety of uses to households, factories, offices, schools and so on. — Remove wastewater from users in order to prevent unhygienic conditions. — Remove stormwater from streets, roofs and other surfaces in order to avoid damage from flooding (Swedish EPA, cited by Malmquist, 1999). 5.2 Sustainable water management in cities: how can it be achieved? First, Water Management must be understood as a part of the City Management: Sustainable Management of Water in the city is obviously impossible to achieve if it is not included in a Sustainable City Management (Stockholm International Water Institute, 2001). That means that it is necessary to redefine the relationships between urban planners and the engineers in charge of water management (Harremoes, 1996). Another key point is that Sustainable Development will only happen if it is explicitly planned for. Market forces or other unconscious and undirected phenomena will not solve alone the problems of sustainability. Agenda 21 specifies a thorough process of considering a wide range of issues together, making explicit decisions about priorities, and creating long term frameworks of control, incentives and motivation, combined with specified targets in order to achieve stated aims.
Available until 4 Dec |Learn more- Raymond N. Yong, Catherine N. Mulligan, Masaharu Fukue(Authors)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
73 3 Sustainable Water Management 3.1 Introduction As pointed out in the previous chapter, water is one of the essential ecosystem components for survival of all living species. The water component of the geoenvironment includes all rivers, lakes, ponds, inlets, wetlands, estuaries, coastal water, groundwater, and aquifers. These contribute as inputs to the oceans that make up 70% of the earth’s surface water. Water is required for many needs such as drinking, agriculture, cooking, domestic and industrial uses, transportation, recreation, electrical power generation, and support for aquatic life and other wildlife. Among the many underlying reasons for increasing water shortages are (a) demand in excess of supply, (b) depletion of aquifers, (c) lack of rain and other forms of precipitation, (d) watershed and water resources mismanagement, and (e) diversion of rivers. It is noted that irrigation requirements for agriculture are increas-ing. Estimates indicate that more than 70% of the world’s freshwater is utilized for agricul-tural purposes (Postel, 1999). The importance of water has been highlighted in the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD, 2002). “Water and Sanitation” was identified as one of their five thematic areas at WSSD 2002. The quality of water can be, and is, significantly impacted by all the other four thematic areas defined by the WSSD (2002); “Sustenance and Development,” “Industrialization,” “Urbanization,” and “Resource Exploitation and Agriculture.” Adequate quantities of good quality water are also essential for health, agri-culture, energy, and biodiversity. Lack of water and poverty are intimately linked. The dis-cussion in this chapter will focus on the uses (and misuse) of water in the geoenvironment. It will also examine some of the main elements required to address, contain, and manage stressor impacts to water quality as a step toward water management for sustainability of water resources.
- A.S. Alsharhan, Z.A. Rizk, A.E.M. Nairn, D.W. Bakhit, S.A. Alhajari(Authors)
- 2001(Publication Date)
- Elsevier Science(Publisher)
Chapter 10 TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WATER POLICY MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION Throughout the world the stress upon water resources is increasing. During the 20 'h century global population tripled, and water withdrawal increased 7 fold, yet it is estimated that one third of the countries of the world, are experiencing medium to high levels of stress on their water resources. Despite water being a basic human necessity, one fifth of the world's population is without access to safe drinking water, and one half is without adequate sanitation (IWRM, 2000). Water serves a dual purpose, as a basic requirement for biotic life and as a sink and transport medium for domestic, agricultural and industrial waste. The deterioration in water quality, a combination of pollution and rising salt levels, due to marine intrusion and the uprise of saline water from deeper horizons, poses a threat to human health, and the health of the ecosystem. Over the next two decades increased food demands will require an estimated 15-20% increase in irrigation, a problem exacerbated if individual countries strive for food self sufficiency, rather than food security through trade. According to Allan (1995) a supply of 1,000 m 3 of water per ton of grain per year, needed to raise food staples is beyond the capacity of the region's resource endowment. Thus, increased food demand is more related to water availability than to land, yet water governance is still largely sectoral leading to fragmented, and uncoordinated development which results in a parochial outlook on the problem as a whole. A holistic approach to water resource management is required, one which concerns the management of natural systems coordinated with the range of activities which create the demand for water to determine land use and the disposal of water borne waste products. Water resource planning is thus a participatory decision fully integrating the social and economic sectors.
eBook - PDF- Daniel H. Chen(Author)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
Urban water management has to balance social, economic, and environmental aspects in planning and management of water resources with optimal use of energy and other resources for it to be sustainable. With increased population and climate change, water is becoming increasingly scarce, especially in urban areas, leading to competition among users (Daigger 2007). Water not only is an essential public service but also can serve as a resource for enhancing and beautifying the urban environment (Novotny and Brown 2007). An example of this effort is appropriate management of storm water by taking advantage of natural systems, thereby reduc-ing the burden on infrastructure resulting in enhancement of natural areas, reduction of heat-island effects, and creating a nicer urban environment. The International Water Association Cities of the Future Program (IWA 2011) promotes the idea of water-centric urban design (Hao et al. 2010; Novotny and Brown 2007). 6.5 SUSTAINABLE URBAN WATER AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Urban water and resource management involves the following steps: i. Collecting water in sufficient quantities to meet needs throughout the urban area ii. Treating collected water to achieve the quality required for specific purposes iii. Distributing water to end users iv. Collecting used water v. Treating used water for reuse, including for environmental enhancement 167 Sustainable Urban Water Management vi. Managing residuals from treatment processes vii.
eBook - PDF- Maria Pomffyova(Author)
- 2010(Publication Date)
- IntechOpen(Publisher)
Adherence to these prerequisites has been a difficult task, because as well as tacking the hydrology issues, there also needs to be an understanding of the rights for its use both in terms of law and popular habits. Drawing on the previous arguments, it is evident that supply and demand planning approaches for managing water problems still face enormous challenges. There is an increasing consensus on the need to carry out an integrated and holistic management of water resources in order to prevent conflicts as well as to meet social and natural demands (Martinez-Austria, 2001; Jaspers, 2003). 2.3 The integrated/holistic approach Integrated water resources management is an internationally recognized approach to develop sustainability in water resources . It has been regarded as necessary to combat increasing water scarcity and pollution. Integrated approaches have taken many forms, including integrated river basin management, integrated land and water management, ecosystem approach, integrated coastal zone management and integrated natural resource management. They seek integration of all the beneficial uses and costs associated with land use and water decisions, including effects on ecosystem services, food production and social equity, in a transparent manner; to involve key stakeholders and cross-institutional level, and to cross relevant bio-physical scales, addressing interconnectedness across subasins, river basin, and landscape scales (Falkenmark, et al., 2007). Consequently, a high level of coordinated interaction between all these key stakeholders is needed in order to they can collectively analyze the consequences of their actions. Despite everybody is clear about the need of coordination it is often incredibly difficult to achieve it. One of the key barriers for coordination is how to deal with uncertainty.
- Dhir, R P(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Daya Publishing House(Publisher)
Conclusions and Recommendations Sustainable water management is crucial for livelihood and of the people therefore there is need of a balance between economic and environmental consideration in watershed management. Water should be rational utilized and its careless wastage is to be removed. Agriculture sector is facing the problems droughts and floods all over India; it becomes significant to apply the emerging technologies in agriculture sector to solve the problems References 1. Srivastava R. K., Sharma H. C., Raina A.K. (2010). Suitability of soil and water conservation measures for watershed management using geographical information system. Journal of Soil water Conservation , Vol. 9, No. 3, pp 148-153. 2. Das Ghanshyam (2009). Hydrology and Soil Conservation Engineering. Kalyani Publication, New Delhi. This ebook is exclusively for this university only. Cannot be resold/distributed. Drought Management and Desertification Control 48 | 3. Lawrence J. Schwankl and Terry L. Prichard (2012). Irrigation Systems. Prune production Manual. Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3507. University of California, USA, pp. 100-107. 4. Sivanappan (1997). Researchgate.net report; National Mission on Micro-irrigation Impact study prepared for the Government of India, June 2014. 5. India Agri Stat; Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH); Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India; National Mission on Micro-irrigation Impact study prepared for the Government of India, June 2014, retrieved August 31, 2015; Grant Thornton Analysis. 6. Drip Irrigation Handbook (2015). Understanding the Basics Version 001.02 - 2015 January 2017, Israel https: //www.netafim.com.au/Data/Uploads/Netafim_ Drip per cent 20Irrigation_Understand per cent 20the per cent 20Basics_Jan17 per cent 20 per cent 20v1-1 per cent 20LR.pdf (accessed 28 May. 2017). This ebook is exclusively for this university only. Cannot be resold/distributed.
eBook - PDF- Bharti, Pawan Kumar(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Biotech(Publisher)
Chapter 6 Water Resources Management Contents 6.1 Water on Earth 6.2 Distribution of water 6.3 Water demand and crisis 6.4 Global supply and demand of water 6.5 Possible solutions World’s available freshwater supply is not distributed uniformly around the globe throughout the seasons or from year to year. Nearly three quarters of the worlds annual rainfall comes down in areas inhabited by less than one third of the world’s population, while two third of the world’s population lived in areas receiving only one quarter of the world’s annual rainfall. A water crisis, which has come about because rain–as a source of water has been ignored. The potential of rain to meet water demand is tremendous. Theoretically, the average rainfall of 100 mm of rain falling on one hectare of land in arid regions like Jaisalmer can yield up to one million liters of water. Despite several initiatives taken by Government and public bodies, in 1995 some 20% of the world’s population of 5.7 billion people still lacked safe, fresh and reliable water supply, while more than 50% were without adequate sanitation system. Today, thirty-one countries having nearly 8% of the total population face water shortages, affecting more than 2.8 billion This ebook is exclusively for this university only. Cannot be resold/distributed. people, which is more than one third of the world’s projected population. 6.1 Water on Earth The amount of freshwater available on Earth today is no more than that was available 2,000 years ago when the Earth’s population was less than 3% of its current size. Rising demands of water in agriculture, domestic (municipal) consumption and industry are forcing stiff competition over the distribution of scare water resource, both amongst different regions and types of use.
- (Author)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- IWA Publishing(Publisher)
BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN WATER AND SANITATION: AN OECD PERSPECTIVE – © OECD 2011 4. MANAGING WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER – 79 Chapter 4 Managing water supply and demand in a sustainable manner For water services to be provided sustainably over time, it is critical to ensure that the raw material, clean water, is adequately protected and managed. This will become increasingly relevant with the threat of climate change, in both developed and developing countries, even though the latter are likely to be more exposed to variations in rainfall and overall scarcity. According to forecasts presented in the Stern report (Stern, 2007), a 2°C rise in global temperature will lead to between 1 and 4 billion people experienc-ing growing water shortages, mainly in Africa, the Middle East, Southern Europe, and parts of South and Central America. In South and East Asia, by contrast, between 1 and 5 billion people may receive more water. But as much of the additional water will be available during wet seasons, sufficient storage capacity will be needed if shortages during dry seasons are to be alleviated. Even though water consumed for municipal use represents only a small portion of the total (with agriculture taking the lion’s share) and human con-sumption is usually prioritised by law over other less essential uses, sustained demographic and economic growth, increasing water scarcity and rising unpre-dictability about rainfall patterns will increase competition over the resource. Given the priority given to drinking water in the pecking order of water uses, WSS providers are usually in a strong position to influence decisions over water resource management. In addition, in countries or river-basins with severe water scarcity, water abstractions for municipal purposes have been a primary driver for investment in schemes to divert water from distant sources.
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