Languages & Linguistics
Interdental
Interdental refers to sounds produced by placing the tongue between the teeth, such as the "th" sound in English words like "this" and "think." These sounds are created by airflow between the tongue and the upper teeth or the lower teeth. In phonetics, interdental sounds are classified as a type of dental consonant.
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4 Key excerpts on "Interdental"
eBook - ePub- Nigel Hewlett, Janet Mackenzie Beck(Authors)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
Where the typical realizations of the word initial phonemes in the words “think” and “these” are dental fricatives in Southern British English speakers, they are more likely to be Interdental in Californian English (Ladefoged, 2000). There is obviously a continuum of tongue placement between dental and Interdental places of articulation, with extreme (usually disordered) Interdental articulations involving protrusion of the blade of the tongue as well as the tip. It is not easy to specify a precise cut-off point between dental and Interdental places of articulation, but markedly Interdental articulations are typically associated with immature or disordered patterns of articulation and the auditory quality may be described as “imprecise” or “muffled.” A wide range of Interdental sounds may occur in developing speech, or in speech disorders that are characterized by a generalized fronting of the tongue relative to the roof of the mouth. This type of articulation may occur, for example, in Down syndrome (Mackenzie Beck, 1988). At least two different conventions have been suggested for transcription of Interdental sounds. Laver (1994) followed Ladefoged and Maddieson (1996) in transcribing Interdental fricatives by adding the advanced diacritic [ + ]to the dental fricative symbols. This convention becomes a little more cumbersome for manners of articulation for which there is no dental symbol, as two diacritics then need to be used underneath the symbol. For example, because there are no IPA symbols for dental plosives, transcription of a voiced Interdental plosive would require the voiced alveolar plosive symbol [d] to be modified with both the dental diacritic [̪] and the advanced diacritic [ + ]
eBook - ePubPatterns in Language and Linguistics
New Perspectives on a Ubiquitous Concept
- Beatrix Busse, Ruth Moehlig-Falke, Beatrix Busse, Ruth Moehlig-Falke(Authors)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- De Gruyter Mouton(Publisher)
From an articulatory point of view, dental fricatives are produced with the tip of the tongue placed against (behind or below) the maxillary central incisors (the two upper central teeth), or sometimes between the maxillary and the mandibular central incisors (i.e. the upper and lower central teeth), which is the reason why these sounds are also referred to as “Interdental”. As dental consonants, they constitute one of the several sounds that belong to the large family of coronal sounds, which are characterized by an occlusion or narrowing of the airflow with the tip or the blade of the tongue in articulation. As fricatives, they are produced with a turbulent, continuous air flow. Although once allophonic, /θ/, the voiceless dental fricative (e.g. th row) and /ð/, the voiced dental fricative (e.g. th ough) are now two phonemes in the Modern English consonantal inventory, both of which are however indicated by the same letter combination in orthography. As we will discuss in more detail below, both /θ/ and /ð/ are non-sibilant fricatives such that they are produced at lower frequencies than truly sibilant fricatives like /s/ or /z/. Note that in comparison to sibilants, the non-sibilant feature in dental fricatives is known to trigger a different allomorph in plural inflection (e.g. path s vs. bush es, dress es). From a distributional perspective, there is no doubt that dental fricatives form a separate phonemic category in present-day English: By surfacing in overlapping environments with other similar phonetic categories, they create minimal pairs in different word positions (th ink vs. s ink, loa th vs. loa f)
eBook - PDF- Martin J. Ball, Nicole Muller(Authors)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- Psychology Press(Publisher)
The IPA therefore, does not provide separate symbols to distinguish dental from alveolar, and if one wishes to mark the dental place of articulation, then a special diacritic is added beneath the symbol. Dental fricatives normally are slit channel fricatives (though a grooved dental fricative is occasionally found in natural languages). The dental slit fricatives in English (the sounds at the beginning of thin and then) are often pronounced with the tip of tongue placed between the upper and lower teeth. This Interdental articulation is perceptually very similar to the dental one, and the difference appears to be one of personal preference. You might want to check with colleagues to see whether they have a dental or Interdental pronunciation. Examples of dental consonants in the languages of the world are seen as follows: nasal: [rl]-[rlU] (French) we plosives: [H [g]-[10], [go] (north Welsh) roof, yes (past tense) fricatives: [8], [5]-[mau8], [mau5] (English) mouth (noun), mouth (verb) lateral approximant: [!J-[!iJu] (Portuguese) garbage trill: [r]-[ro:] (Hungarian) to carve Alveolar consonants are made by placing the tip andlor the blade of the tongue up against the alveolar ridge. Some speakers use the tongue tip as the active articulator, some the blade, ARTICULATION: CONSONANT PLACE TYPES 79 and some both together; there appears to be no clear sound quality difference here, and it is another example of personal preference. (There are IPA diacritics to mark tip versus blade articulations, however.) All the main manners of consonant articulation are found at the alveolar place. Alveolar fricatives are normally grooved, as in the first sounds of English sue and zoo. However, alveolar slit fricatives can be made. and the so-called slit-t ofIrish English is just such an example (as in the Irish English pronunciation of final f' in a word such as haC).
eBook - ePub- Jethro Bithell(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
And as a matter of fact both consonants and vowels are classified, according to the part of the tongue which articulates them, as Vorder-, Mittel- and Hinterzungenlaute (pp. 74–5). In French, too, Unguales (or consonnes linguales) is used for the dentals; Passy remarks that the term is ‘impropre’, but that dentales would be awkward, as, though it would be suitable for French t, it would not be so for English t, which is alveolar (gencival), nor for ∫ and r. And philologists do use—or have used—a term for lip-sounds’— Linguale, Linguallaute, a disapproved name for sounds articulated by the raised and reverted tongue-tip; these are usually called ‘cerebrals’ (Zerebrallaute; see p. 63) or ‘retroflex consonants’. The Roman nomenclature has, of course, been considerably extended; for instance, there are now terms which indicate the two organs which by their contact form the sound concerned. Even ‘labials’ is insufficient; for labial sounds are either labio-dental (formed by contact or approximation of lip and teeth, lip-teeth sounds’) or bilabial (formed by contact of lip and lip). Unfortunately the extensive modern nomenclature differs in details; and in any case there is (for the beginner) a bewildering multiplicity of terms which mean the same thing but look different. When ‘guttural’ is rejected for h and the glottal stop we get the double transliteration of laryngeal and glottal; and so on. Differences may be due to varying division of the parts of the tongue and the palate: thus the terminology is bound to be extended if we add the term Hochgaumen (p. 54, n. 2) to the usual front, middle and back palate. The simplest possible classification of the consonants would be into: (1) lip consonants (subdivided into (a) bilabials and (b) lip-teeth consonants); (2) tongue-consonants (subdivided into (a) tongue-point consonants, (b) front-tongue consonants, (c) back tongue consonants, and (d) the tongue-root consonant r [ R ]) 7(3) the two glottals
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