Languages & Linguistics
Labiodental
Labiodental refers to a speech sound produced by the lower lip touching the upper teeth, as in the English sounds "f" and "v." This articulation involves the interaction of the lips and teeth and is a distinctive feature of many languages, including English. In phonetics, labiodental sounds are classified based on the position of the lips and teeth during articulation.
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5 Key excerpts on "Labiodental"
eBook - PDFPhonetics
Transcription, Production, Acoustics, and Perception
- Henning Reetz, Allard Jongman(Authors)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Blackwell(Publisher)
That is, a Spanish speaker realizes a [b] or [ß] depending on the context, that is, the phonemes surrounding it. Moving slightly back brings us to the Labiodental place of articulation. Labiodental plosives have not been attested, perhaps because it is difficult to create a firm complete constriction by touching the upper teeth with the lower lip. Labiodental nasals appear to be very rare. Teke‐Kukuya, a Niger‐Congo language spoken in the Republic of Congo (former Brazzaville) seems to be the only docu-mented language with a phonemic Labiodental nasal [ ɱ ], as in [ ɱ íì] ‘eyes’ versus [míì] ‘urine’ ([ ˊ ] and [ ˋ ] indicate high and low tones, respectively; see Section 11.4.1). The Labiodental nasal occurs in English as an allophone of bilabial [m] or alveolar [n] preceding [f, v] as in symphony [ ˈ s ɪ ̃ɱ f ə̃ ni] or envelope [ ˈɛ̃ɱ v ə lo ʊ p]. In fact, most Labiodental nasals seem to be the result of coarticula-tion with a following Labiodental fricative. English has Labiodental fricatives [f, v]. While many languages have either bila-bial or Labiodental fricatives, only a few languages contrast the two. An example is Ewe, a Niger‐Congo language spoken in Ghana, that contrasts bilabial ([ ɸ , ß]) and Labiodental ([f, v]) fricatives, as shown in Table 4.2 below. Table 4.2 Examples of bilabial and Labiodental fricatives from Ewe. Bilabial Gloss Labiodental Gloss [ ɸ u] ‘bone’ [fu] ‘feather’ [ßu] ‘boat’ [vu] ‘to tear’ 56 Place and Manner of Articulation of Consonants and Vowels A rare sound in the world’s languages is the voiceless Labiodental affricate [p ͡ f], where a bilabial plosive is released into a Labiodental fricative. This sound has only been attested in German and in Beembe, a Niger‐Congo language spoken in The Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire).
eBook - PDF- Lynne Cahill(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Bloomsbury Academic(Publisher)
The consonant sounds are described by referring to the articulators. In most cases, the tongue is one of the articulators, which isn’t usually mentioned, but when the tongue is not involved, the names of both articulators are used. For example, a velar sound involves the tongue moving towards or touching the velum, for example when saying k or g . A Labiodental sound involves the lips (active articulator) moving towards the teeth (passive articulator). Try making that movement. Move your bottom lip to touch your top front teeth and breath out. Can you hear what sound that makes? You should hopefully Part of the Mouth Technical Term Adjective Form Lips labia labial Teeth dens dental Ridge just behind the teeth alveolar ridge alveolar Central part of the roof of the mouth (hard) palate palatal Soft part of the roof of the mouth velum (soft palate) velar T ABLE 3.1 P LACES OF ARTICULATION CONSONANTS 43 hear that it’s either a f or a v (I talk about the difference between those in section 3.1.3 ). There is one exception to that: the sounds that involve both lips. They are called bilabial but they sometimes just get called labial . What sounds in English are made by using both lips? There are four consonant sounds that use the lips in English: p , b , m and w .
eBook - PDF- Martin J. Ball, Nicole Muller(Authors)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- Psychology Press(Publisher)
Bilabial consonants are commonly found in the languages of the world, and English has bilabial plosives and nasal stops. Bilabial fricatives occur in some languages, and there are even a few instances of the use of a bilahial trill--although we may more often use that sound as an extralinguistic marker of feeling cold! 76 CHAPTER 7 Bilabial Labiodental FIG 7.3. Labial articulation types. Here are some examples of bilabial consonants in the languages of the world: nasal: [m]-[matj (Breton) good plosives: [p], [b]-[palj, [balj (Hindi) take care of, hair fricatives: [<1>], [rsj-[uj, [rsuj (Ewe) bone, boat trill: [B]-[mbsuenj (Kele) its fruit Note that although it is possible to make a purely bilabial approximant, these are not commonly encountered, but a mixed bilabial and velar approximant is found in English ([ w D. We discuss these mixed places of articulation in chapter 8. Labiodental articulations require the lower lip to be brought up to the lower edge of the upper front teeth. Again, the lower lip is generally considered to be the active articulator. For some consonant types (e.g., the fricatives [f] and [v]), it is generally the inner surface of the lower lip that makes contact with the upper teeth; for others (for example, the approximant [u]), the lower lip may be curled inward so that it is its outer surface that is used. However. these different lip postures may also be an individual preference. Labiodental nasals, fricatives, affricates, and approximants are found in natural language, although Labiodental plosives are very rare.
- Felicity Cox, Janet Fletcher(Authors)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Cambridge University Press(Publisher)
34 Australian English Pronunciation and Transcription Figure 2.6 Schematic showing bilabial place of articulation with the soft palate lowered for nasal consonants such as /m/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2.5 Schematic showing bilabial place of articulation with the soft palate raised for oral consonants such as /p, b/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consonants and vowels 35 Apico-dental describes the tongue tip articulating with the tips or edges of the upper teeth. Lamino-dental describes the tongue blade articulating with the tips or backs of the upper front teeth and is common in Australian Aboriginal languages (Butcher 1995). The term interdental is sometimes used to describe the articulation where the tongue is between the upper and lower teeth. Speakers of English vary as to whether they produce dental or interdental articulations, and this may be due to surrounding phonetic context, individual speaker habit or dialectal variation. Figure 2.8 illustrates dental place of articulation with the soft palate raised for oral airflow. Alveolar Alveolar sounds are created by raising the tongue tip or blade to articu- late with the alveolar ridge. For example, /t, d, s, z, l, n/ are the initial sounds in tore, door, saw, zoo, law and nor. Figures 2.9 and 2.10 illustrate oral and nasal alveolar place of articulation respectively. In Figure 2.9 the soft palate is raised for oral consonants such as /t, d/, whereas in Figure 2.10 the soft palate is lowered to allow air to flow through the nasal cavity for the nasal sound /n/. The consonant /ɹ/ as in raw is often described as alveolar but is more correctly considered an apical postalveolar sound.
eBook - ePub- Bryan Gick, Ian Wilson, Donald Derrick(Authors)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Blackwell(Publisher)
coronal sounds, frequently pattern together phonologically in languages. Most anterior tongue constrictions require the use of the transversus and verticalis muscles both to elongate the tongue and to brace the tongue against the side or front teeth and palate, the SL muscle to raise the tongue front, and the IL muscle to stabilize the tongue, as an antagonist to the SL. Many different constrictions can be achieved by controlling these muscles, sometimes along with the genioglossus. This part of the tongue can constrict against the palate or the teeth – or even the lips.Linguolabials and Britney SpearsLinguolabial consonants are made by protruding the tongue tip out of the mouth to make contact with the upper lip. They are very rare in the languages of the world, being mainly associated with a few island languages in Vanuatu. Linguolabials have received some attention in popular culture, as some female performers have developed the use of linguolabial variants of several English lingual consonants – including [l] and interdentals – while speaking or singing, a practice made famous by Britney Spears.In the anterior tongue, subtle variations in shape can make a big difference in making distinctive sounds. For example, in contrast to the grooved tongue shape for the alveolar fricative [s] discussed above, other sounds such as the interdental fricative [θ] tend to be made with the tongue held relatively flat, so that airflow is distributed across the surface, then flows between the teeth, and bounces on the lips (Shadle, 1985; Stone and Lundberg, 1996).The difference in grooving between sounds like [s] and [θ] is sometimes confounded with an “apical-laminal” distinction in anterior tongue shape. An apical constriction is one where the tongue tip (or “apex”) is pointed upward or forward so that the constriction is made between the edge of the tongue and the palate or teeth, while a laminal constriction has the tongue tip pointed downward so that the constriction is made with the blade
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