Aluminum Alloy
Aluminum alloy is a material made by mixing aluminum with other elements to enhance its properties. It is known for being lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and having good strength-to-weight ratio, making it widely used in various engineering applications such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. The alloy's versatility and durability make it a popular choice for manufacturing a wide range of products.
6 Key excerpts on "Aluminum Alloy"
eBook - ePubApplied Welding Engineering
Processes, Codes, and Standards
- Ramesh Singh(Author)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- Butterworth-Heinemann(Publisher)
...Pure aluminum’s tensile strength is about 90 MPa (13,000 psi) and it can be alloyed and heat-treated to increase the strength up to 690 MPa (100,000 psi). These advantages properties have made aluminum an important engineering material. Its use has significantly changed several of the engineering machines and equipment that we use and depend on. Aluminum is not naturally available; in nature it is found in its oxide form (Al 2 O 3) and is commonly called alumina. The extraction process is briefly described below. Aluminum is extracted by a smelting process from bauxite ore by the Hall-Heroult process which involves electrolyzing a bath to extract alumina. The bauxite is dissolved in a cryolite bath, with fluoride salts added to control the temperature. As the electrical current is passed through the bath, the dissolved alumina is electrolyzed. Oxygen is formed which reacts with the carbon anode, and aluminum as the metal collects at the cathode. The metal is periodically siphoned out to crucibles and subsequently cast into ingots. Aluminum recovered by this method is often referred to as primary aluminum. The term secondary aluminum refers to aluminum which has been recovered from scrap. The ingots are further processed and refined to meet industrial specifications. Plates, sheets, foils and extruded shapes and tubs are some of the end products. Physical Metallurgy of Aluminum The physics of aluminum is defined by heat treatment, work hardening, and the effect of alloying elements...
eBook - ePubLight Alloys
Metallurgy of the Light Metals
- Ian Polmear, David StJohn, Jian-Feng Nie, Ma Qian(Authors)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Butterworth-Heinemann(Publisher)
...Altenpohl DG. Aluminium: Technology, Applications and Environment Washington, D.C., USA and TMS, Warrendale, PA, USA: The Aluminium Association Inc.; 1998. 5. Marder JM. Beryllium: alloying, thermomechanical processing, properties and applications. Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.; 2001;506. 6. Hogg PJ. The role of materials in creating a sustainable economy. Mater Tech Adv Perform Mater. 2004;19:70. 7. Davis JR. Recycling technology. In: ASM Specialty Handbook on Aluminium Alloys. Materials Park, OH, USA: ASM International; 1993. 8. Gesing A. Assuring the continued recycling of light metals in end-of-life vehicles: a global perspective. JOM. 2004;56:18. 9. West EG. Aluminium—the first 100 years. Metals and Materials. 1986;20:124. 10. Kvante H. Production of primary aluminium. In: Lumley R, ed. Fundamentals of Aluminium Metallurgy: Production, Processing and Applications. Oxford: Woodhead Publishing; 2011;49. 11. Welsh BJ. Aluminium production paths in the new millennium. JOM. 1999;51:24. 12. Hunt Jr WH. The China factor: aluminium industry impact. JOM. 2004;56:21. 13. Clow BB. History of primary magnesium since World War II. In: Kaplan HI, ed. Magnesium Technology 2002. Warrendale, PA, USA: TMS; 2002;3. 14. Emley EF. Principles of Magnesium Technology London: Pergamon Press; 1966. 15. Avedesian MM, Baker H. ASM Specialty Handbook on Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys Materials Park, OH, USA: ASM International; 1999. 16. Okura Y. Titanium sponge technology. In: Blenkinsop PA, ed. Titanium 95: Science and Technology, Proc 8th World Conf on Titanium. London: The Institute of Metals; 1995;1427. 17. Farthing TW. The development of titanium alloys. The Metallurgy of Light Alloys London: The Institute of Metallurgists; 1983;9. 18. Lippert TW. Titanium in U.S.A.. In: Jaffee RI, Promisel NE, eds. The Science, Technology, and Application of Titanium. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1970;5–9. 19...
eBook - ePub- Raghu Echempati(Author)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...°C) 1 ° C 0.0000235 Electrical resistivity at 20 °C µ Ω * c m 2.69 Density g c m 3 2.6898 Modulus of elasticity GPa 68.3 Poisson's ratio X 0.34 Pure aluminum is a soft, ductile, and corrosion-resistant material with high electrical conductivity. Given these properties, it is no surprise why aluminum is widely used for foil and conductor cables. However, alloying with other elements is paramount when higher strengths or other properties are necessary for a given application. Different alloying elements give different properties. These Aluminum Alloys are categorized into series depending on the major alloying element which dictates the Aluminum Alloy properties. Table 3.2 briefly introduces what major alloying elements correspond to the different Aluminum Alloy series. TABLE 3.2 Designations for Alloyed Wrought and Cast Aluminum Alloys Major Alloying Element Wrought Series Cast Series None (99% + aluminum) 1XXX 1XXX0 Copper 2XXX 2XXX0 Manganese 3XXX Silicon 4XXX 4XXX0 Magnesium 5XXX 5XXX0 Magnesium + silicon 6XXX 6XXX0 Zinc 7XXX 7XXX0 Lithium 8XXX Different alloying elements give the Aluminum Alloy certain properties. These different properties could be increased strength, increased machinability, increased weldability, etc...
eBook - ePub- Volkan Cicek, Bayan Al-Numan(Authors)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Scrivener(Publisher)
...Unlike the harder aluminum-copper alloys, this 61S and 62S alloy series of Al-Mg-Si could be easily fabricated by extrusion, rolling or forging. These alloys’ mechanical properties were adequate (mid-4045 ksi range) even with a less-than-optimum quench, enabling them to replace mild steel in many markets. The moderate high strength and very good corrosion-resistant properties of this alloy series of Al-Mg-Si make it highly suitable in various structural building, marine and machinery applications. The ease of hot working and low-quench sensitivity are advantages in forged automotive and truck wheels. Also made from alloy 6061 are structural sheet and tooling plate produced for the flat-rolled products market, extruded structural shapes, rod and bar, tubing and automotive drive shafts. 108 Detailed composition of certain Aluminum Alloys is given in Table 8.2 ; Table 8.2. Chemical Composition of Aluminum Alloys....
eBook - ePubHandbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders
Technologies and Applications
- Oleg D Neikov, N. A. Yefimov, Stanislav Naboychenko, Irina B Mourachova, Victor G Gopienko, Irina V Frishberg, Dina V Lotsko, Stanislav Naboychenko, Oleg D Neikov, Irina B Mourachova, Victor G Gopienko, Irina V Frishberg, Dina V Lotsko(Authors)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- Elsevier Science(Publisher)
...Chapter 13 Advanced Aluminum Alloy Powders Oleg D. Neikov Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science (IPMS), Kiev, Ukraine Emerging processes, such as rapid solidification, mechanical alloying and spray forming, create powders that upon subsequent consolidation provide significant improvements in room and elevated temperature strength, fracture toughness, fatigue life and corrosion resistance. The real advantage of powder metallurgy processing is in the production of new alloys and composites with metallurgical structures and compositions that cannot be produced by ingot metallurgy. Rapid solidification extends the solubility of alloying elements, particularly transition and rare earth elements, and refines the structure of inter-metallic phases responsible for improved mechanical properties. Mechanical alloying (MA) is a dry, high-energy milling process producing dispersions of insoluble oxides and carbides that stabilize the microstructure leading to high strength at elevated temperatures in the consolidated materials. By blending the alloy powder with a strengthening phase, discontinuously reinforced aluminum–matrix composites containing insoluble dispersoids (oxides and carbides), particulates, whiskers or fibers are produced for high-performance structural applications [ 1 – 5 ]. Table 13.1 contains the chemical composition commercially available of aluminum PM alloys and dispersion-strengthened composites. Table 13.1 Nominal chemical composition of aluminum PM alloys and dispersion strengthened composites The discontinuously reinforced aluminum–matrix composites are generally isotropic and less costly in comparison with continuous-fiber-reinforced aluminum–matrix composites. Silicon carbide or alumina-particle-reinforced aluminum composites have higher stiffness and, principally, high wear resistance in comparison with the unreinforced Aluminum Alloys...
- Francis H. Froes, Rodney Boyer, Francis H. Froes, Rodney Boyer(Authors)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Elsevier(Publisher)
...By contrast, some alloys with rare earth (RE) and/or transition metal (TM) element additions appear to hold more promise for achieving better performance in terms of tensile properties and thermal resistance [16]. There is now widespread interest to increase the number of Al alloys that can be produced by SLM and to improve their mechanical properties both in terms of absolute values and consistency. There is also a growing realization within the industry, including at the Aluminum Association, that Al alloy composition, temper, and property specifications cannot simply be borrowed from existing cast or wrought product designations but should be tailored specifically to SLM. This contribution will focus on what has been done and what further opportunities exist with respect to Al alloy and process design to meet the growing demand for higher performing Al alloy components made by SLM. 14.2 Processing–microstructure–property considerations for current alloys in selective laser melting Among all the material systems used for SLM, Al alloys are regarded as one of the more challenging materials due to their high reflectivity, thermal conductivity, and oxidation susceptibility. As mentioned above, the currently applied Al alloys for SLM are still mainly based around the near-eutectic Al–Si casting alloys, that is, AlSi7Mg, AlSi10Mg, and AlSi12...
