Literature
Intertextuality
Intertextuality refers to the way in which texts are interconnected and influenced by other texts. It encompasses the idea that no text exists in isolation, but rather is part of a web of references, allusions, and connections to other works. Intertextuality can be seen as a dialogue between different texts, enriching the meaning and depth of literary works.
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11 Key excerpts on "Intertextuality"
eBook - PDF- B. J. Oropeza, Craig A. Evans, Paul T. Sloan, B. J. Oropeza, Craig A. Evans, Paul T. Sloan(Authors)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- T&T Clark(Publisher)
Stated differently, Intertextuality is “the study of how a given text is connected with other texts (broadly understood) outside of itself and how those texts affect the interpretation of the given text.” 10 In its simplest form (assuming NT interpretation) the given text is a passage in the NT designated imaginatively as text B, which is the text doing the alluding or referencing. The A text that is potentially present in text B can be designated text A, the text to which B alludes or references. 11 Text A does not need to be a canonical text since “text” in intertextual parlance can address nonbiblical writings and various signifiers in a respective culture inclusive of inscriptions, oral communication, art, songs, bodily gestures, and so on. 12 Symbols and signs may be communicated verbally, visually, and acoustically. 13 Biblical texts are thus kept in conversation not only with other biblical 9 Raymond Tallis, Not Saussure: A Critique of Post-Saussurean Literary Theory (London: Macmillan, 1988), 31; cf. Mai, “Bypassing Intertextuality,” 30–59, 31. 10 B. J. Oropeza and Steve Moyise, “Introduction: Diverse Strategies for New Testament Intertextuality,” in Exploring Intertextuality: Diverse Strategies for New Testament Interpretation of Texts (ed. B. J. Oropeza and Steve Moyise; Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2016), xiii–xix (xiii). 11 In more complex readings, a plurality of texts can be designated text A 1 , A 2 , and so on, which may be needed if the quoted text itself echoes another text, or there is an echo of an echo. Paul’s new creation is a prime example (Gal 6:15; 2 Cor 5:17). It more immediately alludes to Deutero-Isaiah (Isa 43:18–19; 65:17), and yet Isaiah presupposes the old creation and contextually alludes to imagery in Genesis and Exodus.
eBook - ePub- S. Chapman, B. Clark, S. Chapman, B. Clark(Authors)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- Palgrave Macmillan(Publisher)
8 Intertextuality and the Pragmatics of Literary ReadingMaria-Eirini Panagiotidou1 IntroductionThis chapter focuses on the pragmatics of Intertextuality, where pragmatics is seen as the broader cognitive and contextual reality that prompts readers into forming intertextual connections between texts. For our purposes, literary Intertextuality is seen as the result of a co-operative process between the literary work and readers, who need to draw both on their background knowledge and on textual elements to create intertextual links. Intertextuality is a conceptually complex and much-discussed notion that, as Irwin (2004) notes, has acquired almost as many meanings as users due to the number of phenomena it has been used to describe. Among others, it has been used to refer to overt allusions forming a functional part of a narrative, marked or unmarked quotations from other texts as well as references to names of literary characters.The chapter introduces a cognitively informed approach which differs considerably from the views of literary critics who considered Intertextuality a property of the text itself (e.g. Barthes 1977, 1981; Genette 1992, 1997; Riffaterre 1978, 1980). Rather, by placing primacy on the reader, it follows the rationale underpinning theories developed in the fields of text linguistics and critical discourse analysis (CDA). In particular, it has affinities with the use of Intertextuality in text linguistics to describe how knowledge of other texts influences the text’s production and reception (de Beaugrande and Dressler 1981) as well as CDA’s claim that Intertextuality is a linguistic strategy employed by individuals in order to create a more effective discourse by drawing on generic features (Fairclough 1992a, 1992b). However, neither Fairclough’s nor de Beaugrande and Dressler’s approaches considered Intertextuality within a literary context. The model presented here aims to address this largely overlooked phenomenon by drawing and expanding on these ideas while focusing on 19th- and 20th-century poetry.
eBook - PDFA New Glimpse of Day One
Intertextuality, History of Interpretation, and Genesis 1.1-5
- S. D. Giere(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- De Gruyter(Publisher)
The result of this sort of literary critical approach is an understanding of textual meaning as something that is fundamentally dynamic, and fundamentally contested, as well.’ M.L. Grossman, Reading for History in the Damascus Document: A Methodological Study, (STDJ 45; Leiden: Brill, 2002) 24. 5 T.K. Beal, ‚Intertextuality,‛ in Handbook of Postmodern Biblical Interpretation (ed. A.K.A. Adam; St Louis: Chalice, 2000) 129. 6 D. Boyarin, ‚Issues for Further Discussion: A Response,‛ Semeia 69/70 (1995) 294. Intertextuality 3 1.2.1 Toward Understanding Intertextuality Intertextuality is an observation of relationships between texts that places the generation of meaning in the dynamic conversation between text/intertext/reader. 7 What follows are a few points outlining an un-derstanding of Intertextuality. First, Intertextuality was a product of the cultural and political upheaval in France in the 1960's. Julia Kristeva, most often identified as the originator of Intertextuality, 8 her teacher, Roland Barthes, and other post-structuralists, attempted to intellectually subvert what they per-ceived to be the bourgeois, elitist power structures of their context by reexamining some of the basic elements of culture, the understanding of ‘text’ being one such element. Intertextua lity at its inception was not an isolated or neutral intellectual observation, but ‘a means of ideolog i-cal and cultural expression and of social trans formation.’ 9 It was a tool 7 Some other definitions of Intertextuality: Kristeva's definition, ‘
eBook - PDFAn Intertextual Analysis of Zechariah 9-10
The Earlier Restoration Expectations of Second Zechariah
- Suk Yee Lee(Author)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- T&T Clark(Publisher)
The De ¿ nition of a Text What is a text? This is a foundational question since Intertextuality is concerned with the relationships between texts. In the wider world of literary theory, a text in Intertextuality could be extended beyond litera-ture to encompass all signs (i.e., signi ¿ ers), thus resulting in a situation that is best summed up by Jacques Derrida: “There is nothing outside of the text.” 38 The poststructuralist further proposes that a text in intertex-tuality is a text-as-dialogue which is perpetually and indeterminably referring beyond itself to other texts and other contexts, thus constituting 33. Gillmayr-Bucher, “Intertextuality,” 23. 34. For the concept of on-going dialogism, see Bakhtin, Dialogic Imagination . Cf. Bakhtin, “Discourse,” 291. 35. Tull (Willey), “Intertextuality,” 59. 36. Beal, “Ideology and Intertextuality,” 27. 37. These hermeneutical issues are considered in light of the works of Tull (Willey), “Intertextuality,” 59–90; Stead, Intertextuality of Zechariah 1–8 , 18–27. 38. Derrida, Of Grammatology , 158. 20 An Intertextual Analysis of Zechariah 9–10 1 our linguistic universe (i.e., Derrida’s “general text”). According to this de ¿ nition, there are no apparent boundaries to contain a text in relation to other texts and all texts can contribute continuously to the production of meaning, thus making a de ¿ nitive interpretation impossible. In order to make an intertextual reading possible, one must delimit the indeterminate “general text” ideologically as a strategy of containment. The proposed de ¿ nition must place a text somewhere between the closed structure of a single text and the endless fabric of language. 39 In this project, texts in Intertextuality will be con ¿ ned to literary texts, including the traditum re À ected therein.
eBook - ePubRemembering the Covenants in Song
An Intertextual Study of the Abrahamic and Mosaic Covenants in Psalm 105
- Young-Sam Won(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Wipf and Stock(Publisher)
Even the post-structuralist thinkers could not fully avoid some level of dependence on literary sources and the relationships that exist between a source text and a later text. While the term Intertextuality and the technical study of the concept may be a modern pursuit in literary studies, the actual phenomenon of Intertextuality has existed as long as humanity has communicated through written texts. 343 Some of the earliest examples of Intertextuality and literary influence include the Socratic dialogues, which Bakhtin considered an early form of heteroglossia and dialogism, as well as Plato’s understanding of imitation in which every “poet” always copies an earlier work. 344 Alfaro notes that Cicero and Quintilian exhibit a developed understanding of intertextual interactions when they propose that imitation is a “consciously intertextual practice” as well as the “completion of an act of interpretation.” 345 In terms of Intertextuality in literary interpretation, one of the most significant sources of influence was the church in the Middle Ages. At a time when literature was largely tied to theology, the multi-leveled interpretation of the Bible featuring intertextual practices would influence the writing and reading of literature in the secular sphere. 346 This influence is seen in the way Renaissance literature exhibited an unprecedented awareness of the “textual past” as quotations and allusions to classical authors (e.g., Bacon and Shakespeare) demonstrate that writers believed “that their possibilities of imitation, understood as interpretation and re-writing of the Urtext, are limitless.” 347 As literary studies entered the modern era, the historical, diachronic study of sources and literary influences developed into technical methodologies
eBook - PDFJesus' Cry From the Cross
Towards a First-Century Understanding of the Intertextual Relationship between Psalm 22 and the Narrative of Mark's Gospel
- Holly J. Carey(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- T&T Clark(Publisher)
Orr’s work on the subject is helpful in this regard, as it shows that even within a poststructuralist context the term has been used in a variety of ways to mean a variety of things. Thus, even in literary criticism, Intertextuality is a fluid concept, and one that is adapted and nuanced according to the new context in which it is used. An interest in the role of the author, for instance, is not absent even in the discipline of literary studies. 23 If there is such diversity in the application and appropriation of the term within its immediate family, one should not be quick to condemn another variant as it appears in a separate discipline such as biblical studies. Moyise has offered a nuanced definition of Intertextuality precisely to avoid these poststructuralist connotations when appropriating it for the study of the relationship between the scriptures and the NT. This involves three subcategories of the term. 24 Intertextual echo tries to show that an allusion can be more important than its appearance suggests. Dialogical Intertextuality refers to the interaction between two texts that seems to go both ways. 25 Postmodern Intertextuality asserts that there is never only one way to read a text, and this type of Intertextuality aims to show the price that is paid for each meaning that is selected. It is this poststructuralist version with which the Intertextuality of biblical studies has the least in common. Moyise’s categories underscore the existence of a variety of definitions of Intertextuality, and help to distinguish the 22 Aichele and Phillips, ‘Introduction’, 14–15. 23 See Bloom, Anxiety . 24 Moyise, ‘Intertextuality’, 17–18. 25 Moyise, ‘Intertextuality’, 17, gives an example from the Corinthian epistles, where the early church wants to claim that Jesus’ life and death is a fulfilment of the scriptures (1 Cor. 15.3-4), yet it also wants to claim that it is only in Christ that the scriptures find their true meaning (2 Cor. 3.15). Jesus’ Cry from the Cross 34
eBook - PDF- Richard B. Hays, Stefan Alkier, Leroy A. Huizenga, Richard B. Hays, Stefan Alkier, Leroy A. Huizenga(Authors)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- Baylor University Press(Publisher)
Intertextuality thus designates the totality of connections between texts in the universe of texts.” 7 Kristeva’s interests as a literary theorist consist in promoting a dialogi-cal and ambivalent way of writing in full knowledge of the connection of text and culture, since she understands life-stopping power as monologi-cal and unequivocal. The concepts of dialogicality and ambivalence are taken from the literary semiotics of Bakhtin, whom she commends in a paper in one of Barthes’ seminars on the reception of French structural-ists: “Bakhtin was one of the first to replace the static hewing out of texts with a model where literary structure does not simply exist but is gener-ated in relation to another structure. What allows a dynamic dimension to structuralism is his conception of the ‘literary word’ as an intersection of textual surfaces rather than a point (a fixed meaning), as a dialogue among several writings: that of the writer, the addressee (or the character), and the contemporary or earlier cultural context.” 8 Bakhtin sees the dialogical way of writing realized in Dostoevsky’s novels, since here the characters represent different views of the world that are not resolved into one truth.
- Patrycja Podgajna(Author)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Peter Lang Group(Publisher)
Introduction 13 writing in twentieth-century literature has changed from original inscription to re-writing or conscious imitation, allusion, quotation or even plagiarism of previous works� Hence an increased tendency to apply Intertextuality interchangeably with these terms: Linda Hutcheon, for example, equates it with parody, 11 while Roland Barthes speaks of intertextual codes as a “mirage of citations” (qtd� in Culler 102)� However, some critics such as Manfred Pfister discard the reductive readings of Intertextuality and stress its expansive and creative potential in offering new visions of meaning� Pfister, for example, criticises those structuralists who “have narrowed down its meaning from Kristeva’s gen- eral principle of texts presupposing other texts, to the set of devices within which one text pointedly refers to another, its ‘pretext’ ” (210)� As he fur- ther points out, in this structuralist approach “only those references count as intertextual that are clearly intended by the author, distinctly marked in the text and recognised and realised by the reader” (210)� By reducing Intertextuality to only textual signals intended by the author, “this structur- alist version of Intertextuality” goes against the grain of its revolutionary and expansive objective to “go beyond a static structural model for lit- erary texts” (211)� By elaborating Bakhtin’s concept of dialogism, Kristeva proposes not only a dynamic model for literary texts but she also introduces a “global notion of text” (Pfister 212)� Likewise, in emphasising an extra-textual aspect of textual intercon- nection, Mary Orr perceives Intertextuality as a dynamic process which widens the “cultural frame of reception” (85) of a given text, disclosing “multiple and often ‘foreign’ differences that make up what appears a single channel of expression” (91)� In her book Intertextuality: Debates and
eBook - PDF- Peter Stockwell, Sara Whiteley(Authors)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- Cambridge University Press(Publisher)
Others, how- ever, are important for our understanding of story and discourse, our inference of themes and our emotional response. Finally, the concluding examples show that textual interrelations are often highly complex, com- bining different sorts of connection and different types of function. Indeed, in some forms of textual interrelation, the new text is not only the target, but a source for re-understanding and re-evaluating the prior text. This seems to be particularly the case in ideologically critical revision of culturally paradigmatic works. Intertextuality and allusion 131 10 Production and intentionality Violeta Sotirova Authorial intention: the debates For much of literary history, writers believed that the meaning of their work was inseparable from their intention; in other words, that in order to fully grasp the meaning of a text one had to uncover the intention of its author. It was in the formalist vein of analysis that intention itself became a radical problem, particularly with Wimsatt and Beardsley’s essay ‘The intentional fallacy’ (1954). In this chapter I trace the main arguments for and against intentionality and its inclusion in, or exclusion from, critical paradigms. I also present a stylistic case-study of authorial intention. While the assumption that intention and meaning are somehow insep- arable has been regarded as natural, this is not to say that authorial intent did not enter the critical consciousness of classical and medieval authors.
eBook - PDFMethodology in the Use of the Old Testament in the New
Context and Criteria
- David Allen, Steve Smith, David Allen, Steve Smith(Authors)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- T&T Clark(Publisher)
6 Selective versus contextual allusions: Reconsidering technical terms of Intertextuality Beate Kowalski Introduction How can allusions be defined? This is an important question in Intertextuality. Is it an allusion if an author uses the same word or topic as another text source? How objective would such an assumed allusion be? How sure are we in detecting allusions in NT texts? How crucial is the original context of an allusion? Are there further parallels between the pre-text and the receiving text? How much does an author change the meaning of an allusion by using it in a new literary and historical context? Intertextual study requires answers to these questions in defining what an allusion is and in developing clear methodological rules; in the past, different scholars have approached these questions in different ways. From time to time, it is necessary to take stock of research on this topic. The number of exegetical publications has exploded in response to the multidimensional nature of textual interpretation, and this necessitates a broad variety of methods and approaches. The interdisciplinary focus and working method of exegesis incorporates technical terms and theories from related disciplines, and historical, literary, and philological approaches are applied to sacred texts. So, biblical research on Intertextuality is becoming complex and produces inconsistent results. Especially for students, this can be very confusing, so that they do not know what results to accept or which method to apply. The entire discussion about quotations and allusions in a text concerns the right balance between parallelomania – (apparent) similarities without historical and literary context – and context sensitive awareness. 1 Before presenting a short review of research on intertextual studies which focus on Revelation of John, it is necessary first to give account of my understanding of what ‘context’ means.
- Lucia Thesen, Ermien van Pletzen(Authors)
- 2006(Publication Date)
- Continuum(Publisher)
Intertextual analysis: a research tool for uncovering the writer's emerging meanings Moragh Paxton Intertextual analysis has gained popularity as a linguistic tool for analysing the writer's 'voice'. Theorists such as Kamberelis and Scott (1992) have studied children's writing and found that the intertextual links point to particular social formations and political ideologies. Ivanic (1997) has used intertextual analysis to illustrate that writing is an act of identity. Other writers (Angelil-Carter 2000, Pennycook 1993 and Scollon 1995) have tracked Intertextuality in students' academic writing to demonstrate the fine line between plagiarism and taking on the voices of the academy. But, as yet, very little research has used intertextual analysis to probe the writer's developing meanings and to understand more about learning and acquisition processes. 1 This chapter will draw on the findings of an ethnographic study of student writing to illustrate how linguistic and intertextual analysis of student writing, supplemented by student interviews, can provide us with insights into the ways in which students build on prior dis-courses to acquire new discourses. The chapter will begin by describing the theoretical and methodological insights used to frame the research, before going on to illustrate some of the data from the research project. The data will show, first, the ways in which students learned to rework discourse strategies from prior discourses so that they blend more easily into the Economics discourses and, secondly, how students drew on prior experiences and associations to make sense of new concepts. This analysis highlights the gaps and mis-matches between student interpretations and the expectations of teaching staff and shows how these gaps sometimes call for changes to the dominant discourse and to traditional teaching methodologies. In the closing paragraphs I describe some of these changes. 84 4
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