Coastal Management

12 Key excerpts on "Coastal Management"

• 

  eBook - PDF

  Disappearing Destinations

  Climate Change and Future Challenges for Coastal Tourism

  • Andrew L Jones, Michael Phillips, Andrew Jones, Michael Phillips(Authors)
  • 2010(Publication Date)
  • CAB International

    (Publisher)

  Micallef and Williams (2002) argued that very little research work adequately addressed beach management needs and addressed this in their recent book (Williams and Micallef, 2009). Managing the coastal zone involves policies at Managing the Coastal Zone 31 various geographical scales and the implementation of techniques to achieve these policy objectives. Consequently, this chapter will examine coastal man- agement in response to climate change and sea level rise. It will consider prob- lems caused by human interaction with physical processes, assess options for protecting coastal assets, examine policy options based on available capacity and conclude with strategic management recommendations. Coastal Problems The following case studies give examples of development and consequences of human attempts to provide a stabilized shoreline. Figure 3.1 shows a recently constructed cliff-top road in Praia, Cape Verde. It represents a significant infra- structure investment to support tourism development in the island. There is already evidence of settlement and repairs have been undertaken. Unfortunately, undercutting and erosion will be an ongoing process, causing fur- ther future problems. The decision to site the road at this location highlights a common coastal problem, in that coastal processes are not considered in devel- opment planning. Another example of an inappropriate development location is shown in Fig. 3.2. Here a property along the same coastal frontage in Praia is threatened by cliff retreat and the problem has been managed using rock armour at the cliff toe. However, ground movement has reduced armour effectiveness and further remedial actions will be necessary to prevent this property falling into the sea. Protection will be an ongoing and expensive process. Fig. 3.1. Praia, Cape Verde. 32 M. Phillips Cliff-top development in Albufeira, Portugal is clearly threatened by erosion (Fig. 3.3).

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - ePub

  Coastal Planning and Management

  • Robert Kay, Jaqueline Alder(Authors)
  • 2017(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  The development of specific coastal planning and management initiatives is a common response to the many issues discussed in the previous chapter. Many Coastal Management issues will only be resolved effectively if managers develop a structured, rigorous and proactive approach. This section outlines methods for effective organisational design to facilitate delivery of Coastal Management and planning outcomes. The broad concept of Coastal Management, as distinct from simply managing activities at the coast, encompasses the management of everything and everyone on the coast, using some form of unified system or approach.

  In the last ten years a number of governments and international organisations have developed guidelines on their perceptions of what constitutes appropriate concepts of Coastal Management. These internationally-focussed guidelines include those produced by different divisions of the United Nations (UN Department of International Economic and Social Affairs 1982; UNEP 1995; IWICM 1996; Henocque and Denis 2001). They also include those from other international organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (OECD 1993), the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (Pernetta and Elder 1993) and the European Union (2002). There are also other guidelines produced by donor organisations such as the United States Agency for International Development (1996), and recently the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD 2004). These guidelines generally begin with the philosophy underlying the coastal program, followed by a list of guiding statements, issues to be addressed, and steps to be taken to tackle these issues. The guidance documents of the World Bank and the European Union provide a useful example of the current thinking on the concepts guiding Coastal Management (Box 3.8

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - PDF

  Environmental Planning for Oceans and Coasts

  • Judith Rosales(Author)
  • 2019(Publication Date)
  • Delve Publishing

    (Publisher)

  Coastal resources consist of significant ecosystem and natural resources service values which support the social and economic prosperity of the state (Figure 7.11). 4 Cicin-Sain, B., & Belfiore, S. (2005). Coastal Protection and Planning 171 Figure 7.11: Coastal resources, values, and pressures. Source: https://www. ehp.qld.gov.au/coastalplan/pdf/coastal-management-plan.pdf. The coastal environment is changing continuously due to dynamic and altering natural processes like storms, waves, and tides that creates a unique set of organizational challenges. It is the high demand of community to make use of coastal resources which include land over coast which puts a high pressure over coastal environment. It may lead to degradation of coastal resources or used for the purposes and ambitions contrary to the subjects of the Coastal Act. The Plan for Coastal Management is one of those tools which is used for addressing these issues. Moreover, proposed plans should leave options open for the most appropriate future response. For example, many protection structures can be planned and designed with features that allow for future incremental additions that, if needed, could accommodate increased water levels and wave action. This can often be done without significant additional costs in the initial investment. 7.5. PLANNING FOR Coastal Management Making plans for coastal communities should carefully justify the requirement for giving the job, community, and housing facility and transport for a dynamic population, along with sustaining the unique qualities and management of risk linked with development in coastlines. Environmental Planning for Oceans and Coasts 172 7.5.1. Environmental Implications Almost two-thirds of the fish catch of the world and many water species are dependent upon coastal wetlands for their living.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - ePub

  Sustainable Ocean Governance

  A Geographical Perspective

  • Adalberto Vallega(Author)
  • 2002(Publication Date)
  • Taylor & Francis

    (Publisher)

  6 Coastal Management The evolving approach

  Overview of chapter discussion

  To understand	Consideration may be centred on
  The relevance of coastal area to ocean governance	The human pressure on the littoral belts
  How Coastal Management programmes have been encouraged	The key role played by the United States and United Nations
  How the coastal question was concerned with the transition from modern to post-modern society	A stage-based view of Coastal Management evolution
  How the post-modern approach to Coastal Management has solidified	The joint role of coastal sustainability and integrated management concepts
  What meaning can be assigned to the integration concept	The efforts from literature to consider this concept from various perspectives
  Why the integration concept is strictly connected with holistic approaches to the coastal system	The prospect of abandoning Cartesian approaches and adopting alternative logical frameworks
  What is meant by the terms coastalzone and coastal area	The various cultural milieux which have influenced coastal research and management

  6.1 The coastal world

  In many respects, the UNCED emphasised that the ocean’s key role in the earth’s ecosystem is largely attributable to the fact that its salt water surface constitutes some 70 per cent of the planet’s surface area as a whole – 2.4 sq. km of water to each sq. km of land. Hence, the ‘Blue Planet’ epithet attributed to the earth has acquired additional significance, indicating the extent to which climatic change may affect the ocean, and the extent to which the ocean may influence the evolution of the earth. Since the interface between land and ocean is some 603,000km in length, equal to 15 times the Equatorial circle, the earth could also be described as a ‘coastal planet’. There are a total of 166 coastal and island states including territories with limited sovereignty, such as those administrated by the United Nations, and those committed to trusteeship. Of these, 60 (36 per cent) are island and archipelagic states accounting for around 30 per cent of the world’s coastlines.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - ePub

  Governance of Seas and Oceans

  • André Monaco, Patrick Prouzet(Authors)
  • 2015(Publication Date)
  • Wiley-ISTE

    (Publisher)

  7 Integrated Management of Seas and Coastal Areas in the Age of Globalization Chapter written by Yves HENOCQUE and Bernard KALAORA.

  7.1. Introduction

  To broach the subject of the integrated management of seas and coastal areas raises the question of their development – sustainability being a major objective of this. This issue has been the subject of many publications, often of a rather technical and promotional nature (or the reverse). They usually take for granted that their approach is global, whereas a review of some 40 years of practice shows to what extent knowledge of “integrated management of coastal areas” has remained local, with a mainly land-based understanding of the field. Despite all the good intentions, in reality we are a far from synthesizing the different philosophies of the environmental, economic, socio-political and strategic domains; the goal being to integrate the knowledge of the wide range of disciplines in the fields of natural and human sciences.

  Since coastal areas were first included in public policy, the number of concepts has multiplied; in the era of globalization, where the sea provides for all possible interconnections: human and non-human, universal and political, natural history interlinked with social histories, ebb and flow, ecology and economy, from sovereignty to world governance, sanctuary and network, enjoyment to catastrophe, etc. Oceans and coastal areas are hotspots of global phenomena and their consequences (climate change, bioinvasion, waste, pollution, piracy, migration, etc.). The answers to these problems are applied locally, but must be reflected on globally, thus requiring shared governance. This presupposes the coordination of state, interstate and suprastate actors, as well as cooperation with different actors in civil society. The growing awareness of the global issues, and the role of the seas and shorelines, is recent and vague. It manifests itself by the engagement of science and law, and by the ability to create effective governance in a fast-changing world.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  No longer available |Learn more

  Coastal Engineering and Management

  • (Author)
  • 2014(Publication Date)
  • Orange Apple

    (Publisher)

  In many cases, measures may have solved coastal erosion locally but have exacerbated coastal erosion problems at other locations -up to tens of kilometers away- or have generated other environmental problems. Current challenges in Coastal Management The coastal zone is a dynamic area of natural change and of increasing human use. They occupy less than 15% of the Earth's land surface; yet accommodate more than 50% of the world population (it is estimated that 3.1 billion people live within 200 kilometres from the sea). With three-quarters of the world population expected to reside in the coastal zone by 2025, human activities originating from this small land area will impose an inordinate amount of pressures on the global system. Coastal zones contain rich resources to produce goods and services and are home to most commercial and industrial activities. In the European Union, almost half of the population now lives within 50 kilometres of the sea and coastal zone resources produce much of the Union's economic wealth. The fishing, shipping and tourism industries all compete for vital space along Europe's estimated 89 000 kilometres of coastline, and coastal zones contain some of Europe's most fragile and valuable natural habitats. Shore protection consists up to the 50's of interposing a static structure between the sea and the land to prevent erosion and or flooding, and it has a long history. From that period new technical or friendly policies have been developed to preserve the environment when possible. Is already important where there are extensive low-lying areas that require protection. For instance: Venice, New Orleans, Nagara river in Japan, Holland, Caspian Sea Protection against the sea level rise in the 21st century will be especially important, as sea level rise is currently accelerating. This will be a challenge to Coastal Management, since

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - PDF

  North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

  • Franciscus Colijn, Markus Quante(Authors)
  • 2016(Publication Date)
  • Springer Open

    (Publisher)

  In other countries, the coastal zone is governed through more general legal and institutional frameworks, such as ‘ Environment ’ , ‘ Water Management ’ , ‘ Climate Change Adaptation ’ , ‘ Territorial Planning ’ , ‘ Natural Hazards ’ , and ‘ Fishery ’ , among others. The coordination of national policies rests with the central governments. None of the North Sea countries has an authority dedicated speci fi cally to coastal governance. The implementation of national poli-cies in coastal zone management plans is commonly delegated to regional and/or local authorities. 19.2.2 Coastal Management Issues The coastal zone is considered a region in its own right because of its dependence on land-ocean interaction. The coastal zone is not only shaped by human interventions, but also by the feedback of natural processes to these interven-tions. This imposes limitations on the uses of the coastal zone; non-respect of these limitations entails the risk of loss of life and investments. Inappropriate development entails the loss of precious ecosystem values. Recognition of the particular nature of the coastal zone led to the development of the concept of ICZM (Integrated Coastal Zone Management) in the 1990s. The term ‘ inte-grated ’ points to the need for coordination of the policies of different sectors and different levels of government. The challenges of making disjointed, hierarchical and sector bureaucracies effective, are common to many forms of management and regulation. However, for the coastal zone additional requirements result from the highly dynamic natural land-ocean interaction. Large parts of the European coastal zones received a special protection status through the Fig. 19.1 North Sea regions potentially vulnerable to inundation by the sea (Roode et al. 2008 ) 1 www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/23/contents . 476 J. Dronkers and T. Stojanovic EU Habitats Directive and the Natura 2000 network of the European Union.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - PDF

  Studies on Environmental and Applied Geomorphology

  • Tommaso Piacentini, Enrico Miccadei, Tommaso Piacentini, Enrico Miccadei(Authors)
  • 2012(Publication Date)
  • IntechOpen

    (Publisher)

  6 Spatial and Time Balancing Act: Coastal Geomorphology in View of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Gülizar Özyurt and Ay ş en Ergin Middle East Technical University, Civil Engineering Department, Ocean Engineering Research Centre, Turkey 1. Introduction Many coastal processes depend on the geomorphology of the coastal area. Although some areas are naturally prone to high risk, anthropogenic actions further alter their geomorphology, rapidly increasing the risk to coastal areas of disasters by disturbing the spatial and time balance of natural processes. It is a given fact that coastal zones are important social and profitable regions with high population densities. Thus, the management of these areas is critical but complex, calling for interdisciplinary approaches. Nevertheless, international and national agencies urge the application of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) as the most efficient action for sustainable development in the face of diverse problems, such as climate change (IPCC, 2007). Restoring the balance of coastal landforms is one of the major aims of the ICZM process and the explanation of the geomorphological changes that occur on the coast is becoming increasingly important in order to manage coastal resources in a sustainable way (Woodroffe, 2002). While geomorphologic dynamics of coastal areas influence the character of society, the actions of society change the geomorphology at the same time. This is an iterative mechanism that has gained appreciation over the past century. Initially thought of as stand-alone impacts of human intervention on the shorelines, these impacts appeared as connected mechanisms through the dynamics of nature. In the end, they became a threat to human activity at many locations around the world.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - PDF

  Aquatic Ecosystem and its Management

  • Vasanthkumar, B(Authors)
  • 2021(Publication Date)
  • Daya Publishing House

    (Publisher)

  Most importantly, the sea cannot be regarded as a common basin for effluent disposal. Tourism will not flourish if the area loses its attraction to visitors; fisheries are usually on the receiving end of everyone else’s problems. Industry and energy facilities can degrade the environment for all other activities. Integrated coastal zone management ensures sustainable use of coastal nature resources, maintenance of high levels of biodiversity and conservation of critical habitats by allowing policy orientation and development of management strategies to control impact of human intervention on the environment; addressing resources use conflicts through multi-sector planning process. An integrated approach to coastal and marine management is needed to resolve the conflicting demands of society for products and services, taking into account both current and future interests (UNEP, 1995). Critical Issues of Coastal Zone Management Population growth in the coastal zone is a major concern. The world population is expected to grow at an exponential rate from 5.8 billion in 1995 to 8.5 billion by the year 2025. Nearly 60 per cent of the world population is already concentrated within 60 km of the coast while there is considerable migration of population to the coast from the inland areas. In developing countries, by the turn of this century two-third of population (3.7 billion) is This ebook is exclusively for this university only. Cannot be resold/distributed. expected to live along the coast. This growth will exacerbate already severe coastal-use conflicts in terms of land and water space and resource utilization. The negative impact of the increased human settlements and industrial development are also more acutely felt in the coastal zone since it is at the receiving end of land and–water-based pollution.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - PDF

  Coastal and Marine Environments

  Physical Processes and Numerical Modelling

  • José Simão Antunes Do Carmo(Author)
  • 2020(Publication Date)
  • IntechOpen

    (Publisher)

  To satisfy these requirements, alternative solutions that safeguard the sustainability of the environment, tourism social resources, and services in the coastal zones will have to be considered. Contemporary Coastal Management relies on the basis of integration and account-ability of all stakeholders, including local communities, investors, technicians, specialists (from different disciplinary areas), and managers in the processes of conceptualization, decision-making, implementation, and monitoring of any inter-vention program in the coastal zone. Coastal Management should aim to sensitize all stakeholders to the intervention needs, hazards, and inherent risks. Stakeholders and managers should discuss collegially the possible solutions and corresponding costs and participate in decision-making processes, accepting in this way a potential failure. The phases of implementation and monitoring should be shared in such a way that everyone is proud of the success of the intervention or be motivated to accept and correct failure. However, if multiple interest groups are involved and these groups have conflicting interests, complexities can manifest themselves even in the acceptance and approval of processes, often resulting in conflicting voices [31]. These conflicts may be an additional problem, which may lead to only some of the stakeholders supporting the process. Figure 16. Types of floating houses, as future widespread adaptation measure to address coastal hazards and climate change (Google, unknown author and date). Coastal and Marine Environments - Physical Processes and Numerical Modelling 18 Several factors will contribute to the need for adapting management procedures: global warming, consequent rise in mean sea levels, increased frequency, and intensification of storms, especially beginning in the middle of the present century [32]. These impacts from global warming will require other forms of accommoda-tion in coastal areas.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - PDF

  Risk Management in Environment, Production and Economy

  • Matteo Savino(Author)
  • 2011(Publication Date)
  • IntechOpen

    (Publisher)

  Part 1 Environment 1 Coastal Risk Management Modes: The Managed Realignment as a Risk Conception More Integrated Hugues Heurtefeux, Paul Sauboua, Provence Lanzellotti and Amandine Bichot EID Méditerranée, Montpellier, France 1. Introduction Land managers assess the risk by evaluating the probability of hazard occurring and likely damage that would occur to economic assets. There are two types of hazards. The first is caused by wave action, near-shore current and wind effects; which imply erosion and its associated risk of flooding. The second is increased by physical structures that have been built with the aim of protecting the coastline. Storms can induce the destruction of coastal protections as dunes and promote the sea submersion. Sea submersion is a temporary flood of coastal area due to the sea and needing extreme weather conditions. Given the importance of biodiversity and attractive nature of coastal areas, they present different stakes. There are socio-economic stakes as people, amenities, activities and infrastructures. And in the same way, there are natural stakes and cultural heritages as natural areas and historic building. To anticipate coastal risks, Coastal Management has always been a major question for land managers. During the XIX th century, Victor Hugo himself has made speeches to outline the vulnerability of coastal areas to these hazards (Hugo, 1846). For a long time, hard structures were built to hold the line and to provide high level of protection to population. These options more easy to develop were usually used because of absence of knowledge. But in the last twenty years, new approaches to manage coast have been developed. This shift of Coastal Management by the decision makers has depended on the appearance of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) concept too. The ICZM is originating from the US and adapted in France via Europe. It replaces a protectionist policy, long based on a naturalistic approach.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - PDF

  Integrated Coastal Zone Management

  • Erlend Moksness, Einar Dahl, Josianne Støttrup(Authors)
  • 2009(Publication Date)
  • Wiley-Blackwell

    (Publisher)

  Smit, B. and Wandel, J. (2006) Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Global Environmental Change 16 , 283–292. Smith, J.B., Klein, R.J.T. and Huq, S. (eds) (2003) Climate Change, Adaptive Capacity and Devel-opment . Imperial College Press, London. Whitman, J. (2005) The Limits of Global Governance . Routledge, London. Chapter 13 Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Area: A Short Overview of International Legal Framework Md. Saiful Karim and Ridwanul Hoque Abstract After the Rio Earth Summit, ‘sustainable development’ turned out to be a major concern and area of focus of the global community. Principally through state practices, this concept of development has over the years become a principle of international law. Adoption of Agenda 21 brings the issue of sustainable development of coastal zone to the forefront of global agenda. Increased threat of sea-level rise due to climate change is another factor that has made the issue so important. Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is now recognized as a major process for ensuring sustainable development of the coastal area. Set against this background, this chapter briefly analyzes the international legal framework for ICZM. 13.1 Introduction Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) can be considered the most modern man-agement process for the harmonization of the interests of industrial development and conservation of natural resources in coastal areas. ICZM can be defined as a decision-making and management process with which to achieve the sustainable use, development and protection of coastal and marine areas as well as of their resources. Thus, ICZM stands for an enviro-economic regulatory system for numerous competing interests (Eremina and Stetsko). To date, however, ICZM has been seen as belonging more to the dominion of policy makers, scientists and economists than to the dominion of lawyers.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book