Technology & Engineering
High Temperature Ceramics
High temperature ceramics are materials that can withstand extreme heat without deforming or degrading. These ceramics are used in applications such as aerospace, automotive, and industrial processes where high temperatures are present. They offer excellent thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength, making them essential for various high-temperature environments.
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4 Key excerpts on "High Temperature Ceramics"
eBook - ePubMaterials Under Extreme Conditions
Recent Trends and Future Prospects
- A.K. Tyagi, S. Banerjee, A. K. Tyagi(Authors)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Elsevier(Publisher)
7. Characterization 8. Properties of Refractory Ceramics 8.1 Brittleness 8.2 Toughness 8.3 Compressive Strength 8.4 Electrical Conductivity 8.5 Vaporization of Ceramics 8.6 Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials 9. Examples of High-Temperature Ceramics and Their Applications 9.1 Magnesia 9.2 Alumina 9.3 Zirconia 9.4 Ceria 9.5 Magnesium Aluminate Spinel 9.6 Magnesium Stannate 9.7 Alumina-Yttria Phases9.8 NiCoCrAlY-ZrO2 ·Y2 O3 Barrier Coating Materials9.9 Metal Tungstates9.10 Tin-Doped Indium Oxide and SrCu2 O29.11 Ba2 Ti9 O209.12 AB2 O4 and A2 O39.13 Ceramics for Gas Turbines 9.14 Ceramics in Solid-State Fuel Cells 9.15 Titania-Modified Cements, Tiles, and Bricks 9.16 Transparent Machinable Calcium-Mica Glass-Ceramics 9.17 Ceramics and Porcelain Tiles and Bricks 9.18 Immobilization of Nuclear Wastes Using Ceramics 9.19 Acid-Resistant Ceramic Materials 10. Conclusions References1. Introduction
Refractory ceramics belong to a special class of compounds exhibiting a wide range of properties that are of immense technological importance [1 –10 ]. Large-scale uses of these materials in various branches of science and technology are mainly a result of their excellent physical and chemical properties that meet the criteria needed for industrial applications. The basic functions of refractory materials are to ensure protection of personnel and installations from extreme heat radiating from sources such as molten metals, ingots fed into furnaces, and hot-air flues, and to reduce heat loss. High-temperature ceramics find extensive applications in heavy industries like steel, copper, aluminum, and petrochemical industries and in places such as thermal power plants.Ceramics refers to material [1]
- J Honig(Author)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- Academic Press(Publisher)
The above groups of materials with the exclusion of pure PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION Copyright ©1981 by Academic Pro», Inc. OF MATERIALS 585 All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ISBN 0-12-355040-8 586 J. MUKERJI oxides is called 'non-oxide ceramics 1 or 'non-oxide refractories'. II. THE NEED FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE High temperature materials are needed for forming the container or structural parts for processes which need high temperature. High temperature is needed basically for three reasons: (a) in a chemical process a reaction will not occur until a certain temperature is reached. The guiding factor is that the change in free energy (AG) should be negative for a reaction to be spontaneous. (b) It is not sufficient that the reaction occurs but it is essential that it takes place with economic speed. Temperature has a strong influence on the reaction rate > and the change of reaction rate with temperature is given by Arrhenius equation. —E/RT Rate = Ae ; the exponential term yields the number of molecules having an energy in excess of the activation energy E; R and T are gas constants and absolute temperature respectively, and A is the frequency of collision, (c) In a machine which converts heat energy into mechanical energy following Carnot f s Cycle, the maximum efficiency obtained depends on the maximum and minimum temperature of the cycle« Present-day maximum turbine temperatures are around 1050 C. Advanced ceramics would allow a working temperature of around 1400 C. This will increase the efficiency of the engine to a large extent. Besides, at high temperatures, complete combustion may occur and low grade fuels can be used. III. REPRESENTATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS A look at the available high temperature materials will show that they are formed by suitable combinations of three nonmetals (0, N, C), two metalloids (B, Si), and a metal (M).
eBook - ePub- Bikramjit Basu, Kantesh Balani(Authors)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- Wiley-American Ceramic Society(Publisher)
Section Five: High-Temperature Ceramics Chapter 13 Overview: High-Temperature CeramicsThe last few decades have witnessed the development of various boride-based materials and such wider efforts are particularly due to their combination of properties, which include high hardness, elastic modulus, abrasion resistance, and superior thermal and electrical conductivity. The targeted applications include high-temperature structural materials, cutting tools, armor material, electrode materials in metal smelting, and wear parts. In this overview chapter, a review of the current state of knowledge in the development of bulk boride-based materials is presented, with particular emphasis on consolidation–microstructure–property relationships.13.1 INTRODUCTIONThe boride-based structural ceramics, because of their refractoriness and high-temperature strength, are well suited for applications at high temperature.1 Among the structural ceramics, titanium diboride (TiB2 ) is considered as the base material for a range of high-technology applications.2,3 TiB2 is a refractory material with a combination of attractive properties, including exceptional hardness (≈25–35 GPa at room temperature, more than three times harder than fully hardened structural steel), which is retained up to high temperature. It has a high melting point (>3000°C), good creep resistance, good thermal conductivity (∼65 W/m·K), high electrical conductivity, and considerable chemical stability. TiB2 also has properties similar to TiC, an important base material for cermets and many of its properties, namely, hardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and oxidation resistance, are better than those of TiC.4–7 The unique combination of properties enables TiB2
- John K Tien(Author)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- Academic Press(Publisher)
2 0 Structural Ceramics: Processing and Properties G. L. LEATHERMAN Mechanical Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, Massachusetts R. NATHANKATZ U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory Watertown, Massachusetts I. Introduction 671 II. The Advanced Structural Ceramic Families and Their General Properties 672 A. Silicon Nitride Ceramics 673 B. Silicon Carbide Ceramics 677 C. Zirconia Ceramics 680 D. Toughened Alumina Ceramics 682 III. The Effect of Service Environment on Properties 684 A. Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties 685 B. Corrosion, Erosion, and Wear 688 IV. Applications 691 A. S i 3 N 4 691 B. SiC 691 C. Z r 0 2 692 D. A 1 2 0 3 692 V. The Future 692 References 693 I. INTRODUCTION Modern high performance ceramics are the enabling materials for many advanced technologies. Advanced electronics, telecommunications, optical systems, sensors, catalysts, bone replacements, heat exchangers, heat engines and metal shaping equipment are all either benefiting from, or projected to benefit from, advanced ceramic materials. This paper will focus on high performance structural ceramics and the materials that will see service in tomorrow's diesel and gas turbine engines, bearings, cutting tools and extrusion dies. SUPERALLOYS, SUPERCOMPOSITES and SUPERCERAMICS 671 Copyright © 1989 by Academic Press, Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ISBN 0-12-690845-1
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