Technology & Engineering
High Temperature Materials
High temperature materials are substances capable of withstanding extreme heat without degrading or losing their structural integrity. These materials are essential for applications in industries such as aerospace, energy, and manufacturing, where exposure to high temperatures is common. High temperature materials include ceramics, refractory metals, and superalloys, which are engineered to maintain their properties at elevated temperatures.
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6 Key excerpts on "High Temperature Materials"
eBook - PDFHigh Temperatures in Aeronautics
Proceedings of the Symposium Held in Turin to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Laboratorio di Aeronautica, Politecnico di Torino, 10-12 September 1962
- Carlo Ferrari(Author)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Pergamon(Publisher)
POL DUWEZ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena-California MATERIALS PROBLEMS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE SUMMARY. — This paper presents a review of the materials problems encountered in high speed aircrafts and missiles. Both structural and engine materials are discussed. Each type of material (metallic, ceramic or plastic) has intrinsic temperature limitations and the term « high temperature » should be considered as a ratio of the operational temperature to the melting point of the material rather than the absolute value of the temperature in service. From this point of view, the high temperature problem exists for practically all engineering materials. The physical properties of interest at high temperature are discussed. Four classes of metallic materials, namely light metals, titanium alloys, steels and related alloys, and refractory metals are reviewed. For applications involving extremely high temperatures, cooling or ablation must be considered and this approach brings in physical properties of material which are less familiar to the aircraft or engine designers. Finally, a brief account is given of the most fruitful avenues for fundamental research in the field of High Temperature Materials. 1. Introduction When we look at the historical developments of the problem of high tempera-ture in aeronautics, since about 1935, we find that, from the materials standpoint, the only problems recognized before World War II were mostly concerned with engine materials. The pre-war problems in engine materials were, of course, limited to the piston engines, and without discrediting the metallurgical develop-ments which made possible high performance piston engines, it must be recogni-zed that these problems were solved by more or less marginal improvements in materials of a conventional nature.
eBook - ePubNanomaterials under Extreme Conditions
A Systematic Approach to Designing and Applications
- Manuel Ahumada, María Belén Camarada, Manuel Ahumada, María Belén Camarada, Manuel Ahumada Escandon, María Belén Camarada Uribe, Manuel Ahumada Escandon, María Belén Camarada Uribe(Authors)
- 2023(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
For many processes, such as catalytic combustion, steam reforming, and industrial production, reaction temperatures are typically over 600ºC, and the thermal stability of the material becomes crucial (Zarur and Ying 2000). On the other hand, exploration of outer space requires the design of new nanomaterials resistant to high temperature and pressure. This chapter reviews some typical applications of nanomaterials in applications that need high temperatures, like industrial tools, sensors, and energetic materials. 2. Nanostructured Materials for High-temperature Applications 2.1 Heat-resistant Nanocomposites as Material for Tools The search for innovative materials is continuously developed in many applications like cutting, forming, and casting tools. The most important properties for devices are hardness, toughness, and chemical stability. These properties are relevant in machining operations on hard and tough materials, especially in extreme conditions like interrupted cutting, high-speed cutting, and dry cutting operations. In particular, dry machining is of enhanced research interest because of its environmental benefits. However, the high heat generation during the process may weaken the desirable tool properties leading to failure. Up to date, one of the available solutions with the best results is the modification of surfaces through the deposition of protective coatings to improve tools and components’ lifetime and performances (Gekonde and Subramanian 2002, Mitterer et al. 2000, Sandstrom and Hodowany 1998). Therefore, the oxidation resistance of protective coatings at elevated temperatures becomes a critical focus of interest. Due to the high hot hardness and toughness, mixed alumina is suitable for hard machining purposes (Arunachalam et al. 2004). Ceramics can be mixed with alumina, but vibrations and forces may affect the final behavior (Aslantas et al
eBook - PDFIndustrial Heating
Principles, Techniques, Materials, Applications, and Design
- Yeshvant V. Deshmukh(Author)
- 2005(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
333 Chapter 8 Metals and Alloys for High Temperature Applications CONTENTS 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 334 8.2 Mechanical Properties of Metals at High Temperature .................................................. 334 8.3 Oxidation and Corrosion ............................................. 340 8.3.1 Corrosion by Other Gases ................................ 343 8.4 Melting Point and Physical Stability ......................... 345 8.5 Linear Expansion ........................................................ 346 8.6 Cast Irons .................................................................... 347 8.7 Steels at High Temperature ....................................... 349 8.8 Selection of Metals for High Temperature Application ................................................................... 349 334 Industrial Heating 8.1 INTRODUCTION We have reviewed ceramics as construction materials for high temperature application in Chapter 7. There are several instances where ceramics are not suit-able in spite of their refractoriness. Principal disadvantages of ceramics are their low strength in tension, lack of elongation or ductility, brittleness or low shock resistance, and no formability. Several furnace parts such as belts, conveyers, baskets, containers, boxes, gas tight muffles, etc. require strength, duc-tility, and easy formability. These properties are available only in metals and alloys. Hence, for such applications, the use of metals is the only choice. Metals have several disadvantages as compared to ceramics. They react easily with air or process gases leading to oxidation or corrosion. Their strength decreases with temperature. These and other related properties restrict the use of metals to temperatures of about 1250 ° C. In this chapter we will discuss the properties of common and special alloys at high temperatures.
eBook - ePubMaterials Under Extreme Conditions
Recent Trends and Future Prospects
- A.K. Tyagi, S. Banerjee, A. K. Tyagi(Authors)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Elsevier(Publisher)
High-temperature ceramics have extensive uses in fields such as nuclear industry, solid oxide fuel cells, materials for thermal-to-electric energy conversion, and electronics and communication devices. They are also used as building blocks in smelting furnaces for metallurgical applications, and as oxide ion–conducting electrolytes for power production, gas sensors, and catalysts. High-temperature protective materials are in great demand in the field of power generation and aviation industries. For example, high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion of combustors, turbine blades, vanes, and outer air seals are minimized by the use of protective oxide-based coating on the surface of the material. Technology related to thermal barrier coatings are extensively used in order to improve the oxidation resistance, particularly at the level of the interphase. Oxidation resistance of super alloys relies on the formation of oxide layer (chromium oxide or aluminum oxide) on the surface to improve durability of components of the structural materials.Dense ceramic membranes with mixed oxygen ion and electronic conductivity are other applications of high-temperature oxide-based materials receiving considerable attention for their possible uses in oxygen separation, partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, and reduction of organic waste. Perovskite-related oxides are considered to be one of most promising groups of the mixed-conducting membrane materials because of their unique transport properties and stability in reactive atmospheres. Thermoelectric (TE) devices, based on solid-state energy-conversion materials operating at elevated temperatures, have drawn significant interest for their possible application as a new and clean source of energy. The enormous endeavors in the experimental and theoretical works have given a decisive lead for the development of new TE materials of high merit.In this chapter, recent advances concerning oxide-based high-temperature ceramics are reviewed. The synthesis, nature of bonding, characterization, and high-temperature properties of ceramics will be discussed. Subsequently the trend in the development of materials in high-temperature ceramics and their applications in area of science and technology will be presented.
eBook - PDF- Lokesh Pandey(Author)
- 2023(Publication Date)
- Arcler Press(Publisher)
Engineering material is described as: “A topic that deals with the manufacture, qualities, and applications of materials utilized in applied engineering.” 5.1. INTRODUCTION Engineering materials range in weight from lightweight to heavyweight. Alloys for aircraft, Semiconductor chips for computers, Photovoltaic for energy storage, Semiconductor scanners, and so on. Material means engineering materials, limited to solid materials only. Science refers to the branch of applied science which deals with investigation of the relationship existing between the structure of materials and their properties. Materials differ from one another because of the difference in their properties for example, gold differs from iron because of its color, density, and corrosion resistance, among other things. Property differences occur owing to variations in material structure. All solid materials are made up of a huge number of molecules that are linked together to create the bulk substance. Each molecule is made up of microscopic particles known as atoms. The qualities and structure of a material are determined by the individual properties of atoms and their order in the molecule. A design engineer’s understanding of materials and their characteristics is critical. The machine elements should be built of a material that is suitable for the operating circumstances. A design engineer must also be knowledgeable about the impact of manufacturing techniques and heat treatment on the characteristics of materials (Figure 5.1). Engineering Materials and Their Applications 129 Figure 5.1. Image showing engineering material. Source: Image by archdaily.com. We will explore the most often used engineering materials and their qualities in this section. Metallurgy is the science and technique of economically extracting metals from their ores, purifying them, and preparing them for use. It investigates the microstructure of a metal, the structural details that may be observed under a microscope.
eBook - ePub- Bikramjit Basu, Kantesh Balani(Authors)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- Wiley-American Ceramic Society(Publisher)
Section Five: High-Temperature Ceramics Chapter 13 Overview: High-Temperature CeramicsThe last few decades have witnessed the development of various boride-based materials and such wider efforts are particularly due to their combination of properties, which include high hardness, elastic modulus, abrasion resistance, and superior thermal and electrical conductivity. The targeted applications include high-temperature structural materials, cutting tools, armor material, electrode materials in metal smelting, and wear parts. In this overview chapter, a review of the current state of knowledge in the development of bulk boride-based materials is presented, with particular emphasis on consolidation–microstructure–property relationships.13.1 INTRODUCTIONThe boride-based structural ceramics, because of their refractoriness and high-temperature strength, are well suited for applications at high temperature.1 Among the structural ceramics, titanium diboride (TiB2 ) is considered as the base material for a range of high-technology applications.2,3 TiB2 is a refractory material with a combination of attractive properties, including exceptional hardness (≈25–35 GPa at room temperature, more than three times harder than fully hardened structural steel), which is retained up to high temperature. It has a high melting point (>3000°C), good creep resistance, good thermal conductivity (∼65 W/m·K), high electrical conductivity, and considerable chemical stability. TiB2 also has properties similar to TiC, an important base material for cermets and many of its properties, namely, hardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and oxidation resistance, are better than those of TiC.4–7 The unique combination of properties enables TiB2
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